{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:33:28Z","timestamp":1770896008125,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,5]],"date-time":"2005-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1115251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> can not only neutralize immune effector functions, but also has the ability to modulate host\u2010signalling cascades involved in the development of these responses. The 19\u2003kDa antigen (Rv3763), a lipoprotein of <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>, elicits high levels of interleukin (IL)\u201012 from macrophages in addition to its powerful immunomodulatory properties, leading to suppression of antigen\u2010presentation signalling cascades. The present study was aimed at analysing the effect of overexpression of this antigen on the immunostimulatory properties of <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic> Bacille Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG). We have constructed a recombinant BCG strain (rBCG19N) producing higher levels of the 19\u2003kDa antigen in both the cytoplasmic (approximately eightfold) and extracellular (approximately fivefold) fractions as compared to the wildtype BCG. Immunization of mice with rBCG19N elicited high levels of interferon\u2010gamma (IFN\u2010\u03b3) and relatively low levels of IL\u201010 against the purified 19\u2003kDa antigen. However, in response to total BCG sonicate, mice immunized with rBCG19N produced significantly high levels of IL\u201010 with relatively very low levels of IFN\u2010\u03b3. This polarization of the host immune responses towards T\u2010helper 2 subtype resulted in complete abrogation of the protective efficacy of BCG, when rBCG19N was used as a live vaccine against <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> challenge in guinea pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2005.01569.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,5]],"date-time":"2005-05-05T23:09:45Z","timestamp":1115334585000},"page":"410-417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Increased Expression of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> 19\u2003kDa Lipoprotein Obliterates the Protective Efficacy of BCG by Polarizing Host Immune Responses to the Th2 Subtype"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Dhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Shakila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Khera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Naseema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. N.","family":"Paramasivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. R.","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V. D.","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. K.","family":"Tyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.677"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"307","volume-title":"Proteins and antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","author":"Andersen AB","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(02)00048-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.11.4781-4792.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"105","article-title":"Responsiveness to live M. tuberculosis and common antigens, of sonicate\u2010stimulated T cell lines from normal donors","volume":"63","author":"Rook GS","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1992.tb06419.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis of human T cell epitopes in the 19,000 MW antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: influence of HLA\u2010DR","volume":"74","author":"Faith A","year":"1991","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.8.2706","article-title":"Murine T cell stimulatory peptides from the 19\u2010kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: epitope restricted homology with the 28kDa protein of Mycobacterium leprae","volume":"147","author":"Harris D","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5428.732","article-title":"Host defense mechanisms triggered by microbial lipoproteins through Toll like receptors","volume":"285","author":"Brightbill HD","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.1.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00218.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.1.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.5.1856-1862.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/tuld.2000.0252"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(00)00353-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.16.5186-5192.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(03)00043-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8724"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01321.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.4.1558-1563.1991","article-title":"T\u2010cell proliferative response to antigens secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"59","author":"Andersen P","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"287","article-title":"The virulence of tubercle bacilli from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in India and other countries","volume":"35","author":"Mitchison DA","year":"1964","journal-title":"Bull Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","first-page":"91","article-title":"Biochemical and histochemical changes relating to fibrosis following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the guinea pig","volume":"110","author":"Jayashankar K","year":"1999","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03712.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.4.1491-1497.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.10.6227"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.4.1949","article-title":"Human T cell responses induced by vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette\u2010Guerin","volume":"158","author":"Ravn P","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0896-893"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","first-page":"502","article-title":"Characteristics of protective immunity engendered by vaccination of mice with purified culture filtrate protein antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"85","author":"Roberts AD","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(93)90029-R"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3083.2005.01569.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2005.01569.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:24:09Z","timestamp":1696897449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2005.01569.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2005.01569.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2005.01569.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9475","1365-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9475","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-05-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}