{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T22:51:11Z","timestamp":1759963871696,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,6]],"date-time":"2010-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>Intrathecal morphine pre\u2010conditioning attenuates cardiac ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury via activation of central opioid receptors. We hypothesized that intrathecal morphine also post\u2010conditions the myocardium in the rat.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>Intrathecal morphine at 0.3\u2003\u03bcg\/kg (LMPC), 3\u2003\u03bcg\/kg (MMPC) or 30\u2003\u03bcg\/kg (HMPC) was administered for 5\u2003min before 120\u2010min reperfusion following 30\u2010min ischemia. Infarct size as a percentage of area at risk (IS\/AAR) was determined using triphenyltetrazolium staining. MMPC was repeated following the intrathecal administration of nor BNI, NTD, CTOP, or naloxone methiodide (NM), kappa, delta, mu and non\u2010specific opioid receptor antagonists, respectively. The role of peripheral opioid, adenosine and calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide (CGRP) receptors was examined by the intravenous administration of NM, 8\u2010\u03c1\u2010sulfophenyl theophylline (8\u2010SPT) and human CGRP fragment (CGRP<jats:sub>8\u221237<\/jats:sub>), respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Morphine post\u2010conditioning at all three doses was cardioprotective (IS\/AAR of LMPC=37\u00b14%, MMPC=35\u00b15%, HMPC=32\u00b14%, control=50\u00b15%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01). The prior administration of opioid receptor antagonists intrathecally, as well as intravenous 8\u2010SPT and CGRP<jats:sub>8\u221237<\/jats:sub>receptor antagonists, abolished this effect (nor BNI+MMPC=47\u00b17%, NTD+MMPC=49\u00b17%, CTOP+MMPC=45\u00b19%, NM+MMPC=47\u00b16% 8\u2010SPT+MPC=46\u00b15% &amp; CGRP<jats:sub>8\u221237<\/jats:sub>+MPC=53\u00b16%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.63). However, the intravenous administration of NM did not prevent the protective effect (34\u00b14%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>Intrathecal morphine administration can induce pharmacological cardiac post\u2010conditioning as it involves opioid receptor centrally but non\u2010opioid receptors peripherally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02295.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,14]],"date-time":"2010-09-14T12:04:03Z","timestamp":1284465843000},"page":"1097-1104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Remote pharmacological post\u2010conditioning by intrathecal morphine: cardiac protection from spinal opioid receptor activation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"LING LING","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G. T. C.","family":"WONG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"YAO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Z.","family":"XIA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"IRWIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2005.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"491","article-title":"Reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction. From bench to cath lab. Part I","volume":"101","author":"Monassier JP.","year":"2008","journal-title":"basic considerations"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"234","article-title":"Protective ischaemia in patients","volume":"83","author":"Granfeldt A","year":"2009","journal-title":"preconditioning and postconditioning"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-009-6168-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01279.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000299437.93898.4a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2007.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.2.290"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02145.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200410000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181884ba6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"28","article-title":"Activation of central opioid receptors induces cardioprotection against ischemia\u2010reperfusion injury","volume":"111","author":"Wong GTC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesia Analgesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-004-0498-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(94)E0017-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"Calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide\u2010mediated ischemic preconditioning in the rat heart","volume":"99","author":"Lu R","year":"2001","journal-title":"influence of age"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2007.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(76)90029-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.1.350"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707258"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"185","article-title":"Acute aspirin treatment abolishes, whereas acute ibuprofen treatment enhances morphine\u2010induced cardioprotection","volume":"310","author":"Gross ER","year":"2004","journal-title":"role of 12-lipoxygenase"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-005-0539-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","first-page":"102","article-title":"Isoflurane protects against myocardial infarction during early reperfusion by activation of phosphatidylinositol\u20103\u2010kinase signal transduction","volume":"102","author":"Chiari PC","year":"2005","journal-title":"evidence for anesthetic-induced postconditioning in rabbits"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200511000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2007.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707461"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"Preconditioning and postconditioning","volume":"116","author":"Hausenloy DJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"united at reperfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","first-page":"334","article-title":"Preconditioning and postconditioning","volume":"204","author":"Hausenloy DJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"underlying mechanisms and clinical application"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","first-page":"191","article-title":"Transient limb ischaemia remotely preconditions through a humoral mechanism acting directly on the myocardium","volume":"117","author":"Shimizu M","year":"2009","journal-title":"evidence suggesting cross-species protection"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.653782"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2003.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22608-8","article-title":"Antagonism of the cardiovascular effects of adenosine by caffeine or 8\u2010(p\u2010sulfophenyl)theophylline","volume":"240","author":"Evoniuk G","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2003.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000028356"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00192-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","first-page":"965","article-title":"Intrathecally injected morphine inhibits inflammatory paw edema","volume":"106","author":"Brock SC","year":"2008","journal-title":"the involvement of nitric oxide and cyclic-guanosine monophosphate"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02145.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.9.2193"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","first-page":"450","article-title":"Remote ischemic preconditioning provides early and late protection against endothelial ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury in humans","volume":"46","author":"Loukogeorgakis SP","year":"2005","journal-title":"role of the autonomic nervous system"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248408329606"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200309000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-005-5203-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","first-page":"942","article-title":"Morphine enhances isoflurane\u2010induced postconditioning against myocardial infarction","volume":"101","author":"Weihrauch D","year":"2005","journal-title":"the role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and opioid receptors in rabbits"}],"container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1399-6576.2010.02295.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02295.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T20:30:27Z","timestamp":1740515427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02295.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02295.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02295.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5172","1399-6576"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0001-5172"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1399-6576"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,6]]}}}