{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:05:39Z","timestamp":1760954739533},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,3]],"date-time":"2005-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4475,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Heterotrimeric guanine\u2010nucleotide\u2010binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) have been classified into several subtypes on the basis of the properties of their \u03b1 subunits, though a notable multiplicity of \u03b3 subunits has also been demonstrated. To investigate whether each subtype of \u03b1 subunit is associated with a particular \u03b3 subunit, various oligomeric G proteins, purified from bovine tissues, were subjected to gel electrophoresis in a Tricine buffer system. All G proteins examined were shown to have more than tow kinds of \u03b3 subunit. Of the brain G proteins, G<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>A, G<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>B, and G<jats:sub>il<\/jats:sub> contain the same set of three \u03b3 subunits, but G<jats:sub>i2<\/jats:sub> contains only two of these subunits. Lung G<jats:sub>il<\/jats:sub> and G<jats:sub>i2<\/jats:sub> and spleen G<jats:sub>i2<\/jats:sub> and G<jats:sub>i3<\/jats:sub> had similar sets of two \u03b3 subunits, one of which was distinct from the \u03b3 subunits of brain G proteins. These observations indicate indicate that each subtype of \u03b1 subunit is associated with a variety of \u03b2\u03b3 subunits, and that the combinations differ among cells. For analyses of the structural diversity of the \u03b3 subunits, \u03b2\u03b3 subunits were purified from the total G proteins of each tissue and subjected to reverse\u2010phase HPLC under denaturing conditions, where none of the \u03b2 subunits were eluted from the column. Three distincy \u03b3 subunits were isolated in this way from brain \u03b2\u03b3 subunits. In contrast, lung and spleen \u03b2\u03b3 subunits contained at least five \u03b3 subunits, the elution positions and electrophoretic mobilities of which were indistinguishable between the two tissues. Among several \u03b3 subunits, two subspecies appeared to be common to the three tissues. In fact, in each case, the partial amino acid sequence of the most abundant \u03b3 subunit in each tissue was identical, and the sequences coincided exactly with that of \u2018\u03b3<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\u2019 [Robishaw, J. D., Kalman, V. K., Moomaw, C. R. &amp; Slaughter, C. A. (1989) <jats:italic>J. Biol. Chem. 264<\/jats:italic>, 15758\u201315761]. Fast\u2010atom\u2010bombardment mass spectrometry analysis indicated that this abundant \u03b3 subunit in lung and spleen was geranylgeranylated and carboxymethylated at the C\u2010terminus, as was \u2018\u03b3<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\u2019 from brain. In addition to abundant \u03b3 subunits, other tissue\u2010specific \u03b3 subunits were also shown to be geranylgeranylated by gas\u2010chromatographycoupled mass spectrometry analysis of Raney nickel\u2010treated \u03b3 subunits. These results suggest that most \u03b3 subunits associated with many different subtypes of \u03b1 subunit are geranylgeranylated in a variety of tissues, with the single exception being the retina where the G protein transducin has a farnesylated \u03b3 subunit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17512.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,4]],"date-time":"2005-03-04T07:52:07Z","timestamp":1109922727000},"page":"1061-1069","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Identification and isolation of common and tissue\u2010specific geranylgeranylated \u03b3 subunits of guanine\u2010nucleotide\u2010binding regulatory proteins in various tissues"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"210","author":[{"given":"Rika","family":"MORISHITA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"FUKADA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"KOKAME","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T\u00f4ru","family":"YOSHIZAWA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuyoshi","family":"MASUDA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masatake","family":"NIWA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanefusa","family":"KATO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomiko","family":"ASANO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.56.070187.003151"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.60.070191.002025"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1902986"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.6.2329"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(92)91650-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)38653-2","article-title":"Characterization by two\u2010dimensional peptide mapping of the \u03b3 subunits of Ns and Ni, the regulatory proteins of adenylyl cyclase, and of transducin, the guanine nucleotide\u2010binding protein of rod outer segments of the eye","volume":"260","author":"Hildebrandt J. D.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.3.727"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)75906-7","article-title":"Purification of a \u03b235 form of the \u03b2\u03b3 complex common to G\u2010proteins from human placental membranes","volume":"262","author":"Evans T.","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)83640-7","article-title":"\u03b2\u03b3\u2010subunit of bovine transducin composed of two components with distinctive \u03b3\u2010subunits","volume":"264","author":"Fukada Y.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00230a018"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.22.6948"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.7.1936"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(85)80201-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/346658a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15758","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)71540-8","article-title":"Existence of two \u03b3 subunits of the G proteins in brain","volume":"264","author":"Robishaw J. D.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2499046"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.20.7973"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.12.4.1585"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.19.7673"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.15.5868"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(90)80132-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.15.5873"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)55435-1","article-title":"Carboxyl methylation and COOH\u2010terminal processing of the brain G\u2010protein \u03b3\u2010subunit","volume":"265","author":"Backlund P. S.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18071","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)44715-6","article-title":"Isoprenylation of C\u2010terminal cysteine in a G\u2010protein \u03b3 subunit","volume":"265","author":"Maltese W. A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9570","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)92858-9","article-title":"\u03b3\u2010subunits of G proteins, but not their \u03b1\u2010 or \u03b2\u2010subunits, are polyisoprenylated: studies on post\u2010translational modifications using in vitro translation with rabbit reticulocyte lysates","volume":"266","author":"Sanford J.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90054-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.22.8960"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)61861-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.3.732"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)46215-6","article-title":"Identification of a C\u2010terminal protein carboxyl methyltransferase in rat liver membranes utilizing a synthetic farnesyl cysteine\u2010containing peptide substrate","volume":"265","author":"Stephenson R. C.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb04934.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.15.6442"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07992.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)67601-5","article-title":"G\u2010protein \u03b2\u03b3 dimers: membrane targeting requires requires subunit coexpression and intact \u03b3 C\u2010A\u2010A\u2010X domain","volume":"266","author":"Simonds W. F.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(87)81521-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(90)80413-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(05)80201-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00418a062"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05710.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a123326"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14066.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0898-6568(89)90063-6","article-title":"Immunochemical comparison of pertussis toxin substrates in brain and peripheral tissues","author":"Kanaho Y.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell. Signalling"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10961.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13806","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)89817-9","article-title":"Isolation of two proteins with high affinity for guanine nucleotides from membranes of bovine brain","volume":"259","author":"Sternweis P. C.","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(89)91381-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(90)81501-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00901.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(87)80174-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90587-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01212a023"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00834a087"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1055\/s-1970-21630","article-title":"Reduction of organic compounds by organotin hydrides","author":"Kuivila H. G.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Synthesis"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(73)90217-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(91)80814-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)98880-0","article-title":"Rhodopsin and the retinal G\u2010protein distinguish among G\u2010protein \u03b2\u03b3 subunit forms","volume":"266","author":"Fawzi A. B.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.8.3043"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1432-1033.1992.tb17512.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17512.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T08:54:56Z","timestamp":1696150496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17512.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,12]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17512.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17512.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2956","1432-1033"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2956","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1033","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,12]]}}}