{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T21:31:36Z","timestamp":1768512696118,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>SUMMARY:\u2003<\/jats:bold> Recent progress in biotechnology offers the promise of better medical care at lower costs. Among the techniques that show the greatest promise is mass spectrometry of proteins, which can identify proteins present in body fluids and tissue specimens at a large scale. Because urine can be collected in large amounts in a non\u2010invasive fashion, the potential exists to use mass spectrometry to discover urinary biomarkers that are early predictors of renal disease, or useful in making therapeutic choices. Recently, the authors demonstrated that both membrane proteins and cytosolic proteins from renal epithelia are highly enriched in low\u2010density urinary structures identified as exosomes. Exosomes were found to contain many disease\u2010associated proteins including aquaporin\u20102, polycystin\u20101, podocin, non\u2010muscle myosin II, angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme, Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>2Cl<jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup> cotransporter (NKCC2), thiazide\u2010sensitive Na\u2010Cl cotransporter (NCC), and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Potentially, other disease biomarkers could be discovered by mass spectrometry\u2010based proteomic studies in well\u2010defined patient populations. Herein is described the advantages of using urinary exosomes as a starting material for biomarker discovery. In addition, the purpose of this review is to present an overall strategy for biomarker discovery in urine using exosomes and for developing cost\u2010effective clinical assays for these biomarkers, which can potentially be used for early detection of disease, as a means of differential diagnosis, or as a means of guiding therapy. Finally, potential barriers that need to be overcome before urinary proteomics can be applied clinically, are emphasized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2005.00387.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,14]],"date-time":"2005-06-14T11:46:03Z","timestamp":1118749563000},"page":"283-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Prospects for urinary proteomics: Exosomes as a source of urinary biomarkers (Review Article)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"EWOUT J","family":"HOORN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TRAIRAK","family":"PISITKUN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ROBERT","family":"ZIETSE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PETER","family":"GROSS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JOERGEN","family":"FROKIAER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NAM SUN","family":"WANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PATRICIA A","family":"GONZALES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ROBERT A","family":"STAR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MARK A","family":"KNEPPER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2675315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.1290020802"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000074588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000073674"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20020342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403453101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199506083322303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00902.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1071416"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V11112128","article-title":"Detection of Na(+) transporter proteins in urine","volume":"11","author":"McKee JA","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/13690"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000014782.37591.C7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000129114.92265.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.29920"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.32764"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.3.1163"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1986.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(01)00269-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00143.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2002.kid565.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.3.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.8.1759","article-title":"Effect of urine pH, storage time, and temperature on stability of catecholamines, cortisol, and creatinine","volume":"44","author":"Miki K","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)92488-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(03)00744-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra022161"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","first-page":"312A","article-title":"Urine immunoblotting of sodium chloride cotransporter in patients with Gitelman's syndrome: its implications in differential diagnosis","volume":"15","author":"Lee JW","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20040103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00433.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000101031.52826.BE"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.18.2211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-198400061-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00980.x"}],"container-title":["Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1440-1797.2005.00387.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2005.00387.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T17:42:19Z","timestamp":1696959739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2005.00387.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2005.00387.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2005.00387.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1320-5358","1440-1797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1320-5358","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1797","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-06-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}