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Here we report that infusion of two neurotrophins, delivered alone or in combination, effectively promotes axonal outgrowth from SC\u2010seeded mini\u2010channels into the distal host spinal cord. When an anterogradely transported marker, PHA\u2010L or BDA, was injected into the spinal cord 3\u2003mm rostral to the graft, a large number of axons was observed to regenerate from the SC graft into the distal cord in neurotrophin\u2010treated groups. A subpopulation of these axons was found to grow up to 6\u2003mm within the distal spinal cord. These axons, which were confined mainly within the grey matter, arborized and formed structures which resemble terminal boutons. In channels containing no SCs, the infusion of neurotrophins did not promote axonal ingrowth from the proximal cord stump. In cases which received SC grafts but no neurotrophin infusion, axonal re\u2010entry into the distal cord was limited. Thus, the present study demonstrates that regenerating axons not only cross a lesion site when a permissive cellular bridge is provided but also penetrate into the distal host spinal cord and elongate for a distance of several cord segments after the infusion of two neurotrophins. The latter event is prerequisite for establishment of appropriate connections between regenerating axons and target neurons and thus, functional recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2001.01387.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,29]],"date-time":"2009-07-29T14:03:30Z","timestamp":1248876210000},"page":"257-268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Neurotrophins BDNF and NT\u20103 promote axonal re\u2010entry into the distal host spinal cord through Schwann cell\u2010seeded mini\u2010channels"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Norman I.","family":"Bamber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Oudega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Aebischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao Ming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/367368a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/NP.1999.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480251107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1996.0098"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6705"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Observations on the pathology of human spinal cord injury. 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