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In order to identify genes with potential relevance for memory formation we used mouse organotypic hippocampal slice cultures in which chemical LTD was induced by applications of 3,5\u2010dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG). The induction of chemical LTD was robust, as monitored electrophysiologically. Gene expression analysis after chemical LTD induction was performed using cDNA microarrays containing &gt;7000 probes. The DHPG\u2010induced expression of immediate early genes (<jats:italic>c\u2010fos<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>junB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>egr1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>nr4a1<\/jats:italic>) was subsequently verified by TaqMan polymerase chain reaction. Bioinformatic analysis suggested a common regulator element [serum response factor (SRF)\/Elk\u20101 binding sites] within the promoter region of these genes. Indeed, here we could show a DHPG\u2010dependent binding of SRF at the SRF response element (SRE) site within the promoter region of <jats:italic>c\u2010fos<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>junB.<\/jats:italic> However, SRF binding to <jats:italic>egr1<\/jats:italic> promoter sites was constitutive. The phosphorylation of the ternary complex factor Elk\u20101 and its localization in the nucleus of hippocampal neurones after DHPG treatment was shown by immunofluorescence using a phosphospecific antibody. We suggest that LTD leads to SRF\/Elk\u20101\u2010regulated gene expression of immediate early transcription factors, which could in turn promote a second broader wave of gene expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04909.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]],"date-time":"2006-07-18T20:15:29Z","timestamp":1153253729000},"page":"555-563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Long\u2010term depression activates transcription of immediate early transcription factor genes: involvement of serum response factor\/Elk\u20101"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Antje","family":"Lindecke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Korte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Zagrebelsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Horejschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margitta","family":"Elvers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Darius","family":"Widera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pr\u00fcllage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kaltschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kaltschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02935553"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90369-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.21.10049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.24.13453"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/361031a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1973.sp010273"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00674-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00687-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(93)90012-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05219.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.04.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02359385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(98)00145-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.00421.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01818.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(97)83330-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7317","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-19-07317.2003","article-title":"p38 MAP kinase mediates both short\u2010term and long\u2010term synaptic depression in aplysia","volume":"23","author":"Guan Z.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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