{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T15:14:14Z","timestamp":1776179654379,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,30]],"date-time":"2004-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2617,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The sympathetic nerve terminals of the mouse vas deferens were loaded with the calcium indicator Oregon Green 488 BAPTA\u20101 by orthograde transport along the postganglionic nerves. Changes in the calcium concentration in the varicosity (\u0394[Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>) were determined following single impulses, and short (5\u2010impulse) and long (200\u2010impulse) trains at 5 Hz.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>All varicosities showed a significant \u0394[Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub> in response to every single impulse. The elevated \u0394[Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub> declined in two phases with similar kinetics for all varicosities: a fast phase (time constant, 0.42 \u00b1 0.05 s) and a moderate phase (3.6 \u00b1 0.4 s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Line scanning confocal microscopy revealed that the \u0394[Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>] of a single terminal following single impulses was smaller for the intervaricose regions than for the varicosities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Blockade of the voltage\u2010sensitive calcium channels with Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> (in calcium\u2010free solution) completely blocked the \u0394[Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub> on stimulation. The addition of either nifedipine (10 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>), \u03c9\u2010conotoxin GVIA (100 nM) or \u03c9\u2010agatoxin TK (100 n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) showed that 47 \u00b1 6% of the evoked response was mediated by N\u2010type calcium channels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Ryanodine (10 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) did not significantly change the amplitude of \u0394[Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub> in response to short trains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Spontaneous increases in \u0394[Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub> were observed in individual varicosities, with coupling in the increase of \u0394[Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub> between varicosities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The presynaptic \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010receptor antagonist yohimbine (10 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) increased the amplitude of \u0394[Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub> in response to five impulses (5 Hz) by 54 \u00b1 14%, while the \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010receptor agonist clonidine (1 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) decreased the \u0394[Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub> by 55 \u00b1 4%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These results are discussed in terms of the hypotheses that the increased probability for secretion at sympathetic nerve terminals which accompanies facilitation and augmentation is due to the residual \u0394[Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub> remaining after the calcium influx following impulses and that noradrenaline acts presynaptically to decrease the probability of secretion by modifying calcium influx.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.521bj.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,30]],"date-time":"2004-09-30T08:06:06Z","timestamp":1096531566000},"page":"521-536","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Calcium in sympathetic varicosities of mouse vas deferens during facilitation, augmentation and autoinhibition"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"502","author":[{"given":"K. 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