{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T11:59:51Z","timestamp":1777550391541,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,12]],"date-time":"2005-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1123804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1776,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> To determine whether maternal influenza virus infection in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy results in transplacental transmission of infection, maternal auto\u2010antibody production or an increase in complications of pregnancy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Case\u2010control cohort study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Population\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Study and control cohorts were derived from 3975 women who were consecutively delivered at two Nottingham teaching hospitals between May 1993 and July 1994. A complete set of three sera was available for 1659 women.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Paired maternal ante\u2010 and postnatal sera were screened for a rise in anti\u2010influenza virus antibody titre by single radial haemolysis and haemagglutination inhibition. Routine obstetric data collected during and after pregnancy were retrieved from the Nottingham obstetric database. Cord samples were tested for the presence of IgM anti\u2010influenza antibodies, and postnatal infant sera were tested for the persistence of influenza\u2010virus specific IgG. Paired antenatal and postnatal sera were tested against a standard range of auto\u2010antigens by immunofluorescence.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Main outcome measures\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Classification of women as having definite serological evidence of an influenza virus infection in pregnancy (cases) or as controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/jats:bold> Intercurrent influenza virus infections were identified in 182\/1659 (11.0%) pregnancies. None of 138 cord sera from maternal influenza cases was positive for influenza A virus specific IgM. IgG anti\u2010influenza antibodies did not persist in any of 12 infant sera taken at age 6\u201312 months. Six of 172 postnatal maternal sera from cases of influenza were positive for auto\u2010antibodies. In all cases the corresponding antenatal serum was also positive for the same auto\u2010antibody. There were no significant differences in pregnancy outcome measures between cases and controls. Overall, there were significantly more complications of pregnancy in the cases versus the controls, but no single type of complication achieved statistical significance.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Influenza infection in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy is a relatively common event. We found no evidence for transplacental transmission of influenza virus or auto\u2010antibody production in pregnancies complicated by influenza infections. There was an increase in the complications of pregnancy in our influenza cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11621.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,12]],"date-time":"2005-08-12T10:36:39Z","timestamp":1123842999000},"page":"1282-1289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":188,"title":["Influenza virus infection in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy: a clinical and seroepidemiological study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"W. L.","family":"Irving","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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