{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:32:13Z","timestamp":1757543533215},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,12]],"date-time":"2006-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1165881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7956,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract: <\/jats:bold> Anesthetics, particularly barbiturates, have depressive effects on cerebral blood flow and metabolism and likely have similar effects on blood\u2010brain barrier (BBB) transport. In previous studies utilizing the carotid injection technique, it was necessary to anesthetize the animals prior to performing the experiment. The carotid injection technique was modified by catheter implantation in the external carotid artery at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. The technique was used to determine cerebral blood flow, the <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, and <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>D<\/jats:sub> of glucose transport in hippocampus, caudate, cortex, and thalamus\u2010hypothalamus in conscious rats. Blood flow increased two to three times from that seen in the anesthetized rat. The <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> in the four regions ranged between 6.5 and 9.2 m<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>, the <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> ranged between 1.15 and 2.07 \u03bcmol\/min\/g, and the <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>D<\/jats:sub> ranged between 0.015 and 0.035 ml\/min\/g. The <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>D<\/jats:sub> in the conscious rat did not differ from the values seen in the barbiturate anesthetized rat. The <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, on the other hand, increased two\u2010 to three\u2010fold from that seen in the anesthetized rat and was nearly proportional to the increase in blood flow seen in the conscious rat. The development of the external carotid catheter technique now allows for determination of BBB substrate transport in conscious animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1985.tb12903.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,13]],"date-time":"2006-12-13T12:10:35Z","timestamp":1166011835000},"page":"911-915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Kinetics of Regional Blood\u2010Brain Barrier Glucose Transport and Cerebral Blood Flow Determined with the Carotid Injection Technique in Conscious Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Leon D.","family":"Braun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leonard P.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Pardridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Oldendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1975.229.4.1110","article-title":"Analysis of brain uptake and loss of radiotracers after intracarotid injection","volume":"229","author":"Bradbury M. 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