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Licensed therapies for HBV are partially effective in selected patients and development of novel treatments remains an important global medical objective. HBV has an unusually compact genome that restricts the ability of the virus to evade potentially therapeutic nucleic acid hybridization. Thus, exploiting the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, which enables sequence\u2010specific target RNA degradation using small interfering RNA (siRNA), is well suited to developing novel treatment for HBV infection. Several studies, both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, have demonstrated that HBV replication can be inhibited in transfected cells by synthetic siRNA duplexes and also Pol III\u2010derived short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences. The effectiveness of anti\u2010HBV sequences varies considerably, and is likely to result from differences in activation of the RNAi pathway by individual siRNA species. Exclusion of potentially toxic off\u2010target effects and also development of efficient methods of hepatotropic nucleic acid delivery are important prerequisites before RNAi can be used successfully for anti\u2010HBV treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2004.0966.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,7]],"date-time":"2005-02-07T13:34:12Z","timestamp":1107783252000},"page":"9-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Exploiting the RNA interference pathway to counter hepatitis B virus 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