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We used positron emission tomography (PET) to determine whether an abnormality of [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]flumazenil binding to benzodiazepine (BZD)\u2010GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptors exists in patients with childhood and juvenile absence epilepsy and to examine the effects of VPA on [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C] flumazenil binding. The regional cerebral volume of distribution (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>) of [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]flumazenil in patients not treated with VPA was not different from that in normal controls; <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub> was lower in patients treated with VPA, and the number of receptors available for binding was significantly reduced in such patients as compared with normal controls. There was no evidence of a primary abnormality of the BZD\u2010GABA, receptor in childhood and juvenile absence epilepsy (CAE\/JAE), but the data suggest that treatment with VPA is associated with a reduction in [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]flumazenil binding that may be relevant to its mode of action in CAE\/JAE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1995.tb00969.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,3]],"date-time":"2005-08-03T16:57:16Z","timestamp":1123088236000},"page":"113-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Benzodiazepine\u2010GABA<sub>A<\/sub> Receptors in Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy Measured with [<sup>11<\/sup>C]Flumazenil and Positron Emission Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Martin C.","family":"Prevett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriaan A.","family":"Lammertsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Bartenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip N.","family":"Patsalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Fish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Role of the thalamic reticular nucleus in the generation of rhythmic thalamocortical activities subserving spike and waves","volume":"35","author":"Avanzini G","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1983.50.4.819","article-title":"An analysis of penicillin\u2010induced generalised spike and wave discharges using simultaneous recordings of cortical and thalamic single neurons","volume":"50","author":"Avoli M","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(92)90102-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(91)90332-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05316.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1984.tb03486.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1989.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)90459-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"238","article-title":"The cerebellum of epileptics","volume":"4","author":"Gessaga EC","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Neuropathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(88)90024-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.4.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02395217"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"GABA receptors in rats with spontaneous generalised non\u2010convulsive epilepsy","volume":"35","author":"Knight AR","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1991.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(86)90122-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1991.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"S52","article-title":"Quantification of benzodiazepine receptors in vivo using 11C\u2010flumazenil: application of the steady state principle","volume":"7","author":"Lammertsma AA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1992.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91262-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(82)90068-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90509-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1985.tb05656.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"518","article-title":"An automated system based on solid phase extraction and HPLC for the routine determination in plasma of unchanged [11C]\u2010l\u2010deprenyl; 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