{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]],"date-time":"2024-08-04T04:36:49Z","timestamp":1722746209103},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,30]],"date-time":"2006-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1148947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2981,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The ethanol withdrawal syndrome includes anxiety as a prominent symptom. Because the extent that specific regions of brain are critical to the generation of this emotional state is unknown, Fos\u2010like immunoreactivity (Fos\u2010LI) was used to associate specific regions of the rat brain with the anxiety component of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome exacerbated by an air puff challenge in rats. Chronic ethanol liquid diet was administered intragastrically for 4 days or by having the rats consume the diet for 14 days. During withdrawal from either treatment protocol, Fos\u2010LI was induced most prominently in forebrain areas, although the midbrain and hindbrain were also represented. Included in these Fos\u2010LI positive regions were many cortical regions, septum, accumbens, claustrum, amygdala, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus and hypothalamus, hippocampus, locus coeruleus, and central gray. Fos\u2010LI expression differed mostly in intensity between the two treatment and withdrawal protocols, with the gastric protocol producing the greatest Fos\u2010LI induction in most brain regions. The threshold for air puff\u2010induced ultrasonic vocalizations was decreased, and the number of vocalizations was increased and the period of vocalization was extended. These behavioral data indicate that aversively motivated responding in rats during ethanol withdrawal can be readily quantified with the ultrasonic vocalizations test without precipitating convulsive activity. Furthermore, a comparison of the effects of the air puff challenge versus withdrawal on Fos\u2010LI indicated that the behavioral state induced in these two situations share functional neuroanatomical features. Some regions\u2013such as the accumbens core, medial septum, subregions of the amygdala, hippocampus, substantia nigra, and cerebellum\u2013exhibited little Fos\u2010LI during withdrawal and also did not exhibit strong increases after the addition of the air puff challenge. However, other regions\u2013such as the cerebral cortex (medial prefrontal, frontal, cingulate and ventrolateral orbital, claustrum, and tenia tecta), hypothalamus, and locus ceoruleus\u2013exhibited Fos\u2010LI at levels higher than that seen after either the ethanol withdrawal or puff challenge alone. These overlapping patterns of Fos\u2010LI in specific regions of the brain, activated by both ethanol withdrawal and an anxiety provoking behavioral challenge, suggest that specific neuroanatomical sites in brain are associated with the symptom of anxiety observed during the \u201cethanol withdrawal syndrome.\u201d<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03677.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,30]],"date-time":"2006-05-30T16:02:18Z","timestamp":1149004938000},"page":"481-493","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Induction of Fos\u2010Like Proteins and Ultrasonic Vocalizations during Ethanol Withdrawal: Further Evidence for Withdrawal\u2010Induced Anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Darin J.","family":"Knapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary 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