{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T12:24:48Z","timestamp":1767961488117,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,11]],"date-time":"2006-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1144713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1895,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background: <\/jats:bold> Moderate red wine consumption has been associated with a reduced risk for coronary heart disease, and this cardioprotection may be mediated, in part, by promoting fibrinolysis. This protection may be attributed to the combined or perhaps synergistic effects of alcohol and other red wine components (i.e., polyphenolics). These studies were carried out to determine whether individual phenolics (i.e., catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and resveratrol) affect fibrinolytic protein (tissue\u2010type plasminogen activator [t\u2010PA] and urokinase\u2010type PA [u\u2010PA]) e\u2010pression and surface\u2010localized fibrinolytic activity in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> Cultured HUVECs were preincubated (1 hr, 37\u00b0C) in the absence or presence of varying concentrations of catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and resveratrol (0.001\u201310 \u03bcM) and then were washed and incubated for various times in the absence of phenolics. Secreted t\u2010PA\/u\u2010PA antigen (24 hr, enzyme\u2010linked immunoadsorbent assay) and mRNA [0\u201316 hr, reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction(RT\u2010PCR)] levels and fibrinolytic activity (direct activation of HUVEC\u2010bound <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I\u2010labeled glutamyl\u2010plasminogen, quantitation of <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I\u2010labeled <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> r 20 kDa plasmin light\u2010chain) were measured. Transient transfections of cultured HUVECs were carried out with the pt\u2010PA222\/luc and pu\u2010PA236\/luc promoter constructs, by using lipofectamine.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> Each of the phenolics similarly increased t\u2010PA and u\u2010PA antigen (2\u2010 to 3\u2010fold) and mRNA (3\u2010 to 4\u2010fold) levels, concomitant with an increase (2\u2010 to 3\u2010fold) in sustained (24 hr), surface\u2010localized fibrinolytic activity. Transcription inhibitor actinomycin D abolished the induction of t\u2010PA and u\u2010PA mRNA e\u2010pression by these phenolics. Transfections with the pt\u2010PA222\/luc and pu\u2010PA236\/luc promoter constructs showed 2\u2010 to 3\u2010fold and 2\u2010 to 4\u2010fold increases in luciferase activity for t\u2010PA and u\u2010PA, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> These results demonstrate that each of these phenolics up\u2010regulates both t\u2010PA and u\u2010PA gene transcription, which results in the sustained increased e\u2010pression of surface\u2010localized fibrinolytic activity in cultured HUVECs. Wine phenolics increase fibrinolytic activity, independent of ethanol, and it is likely that the overall cardioprotective benefits associated with moderate red wine consumption are attributable to the combined, additive, or perhaps synergistic effects of alcohol and other wine components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02193.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,11]],"date-time":"2006-04-11T10:07:41Z","timestamp":1144750061000},"page":"155-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Polyphenolics Increase t\u2010PA and u\u2010PA Gene Transcription in Cultured Human Endothelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Laila H.","family":"Abou\u2010Agag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Aikens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Edlue M.","family":"Tabengwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raymond 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