{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T05:29:36Z","timestamp":1761974976010},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,26]],"date-time":"2007-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction: <\/jats:bold> Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the brain are seen at every age. The earlier they can be quantified, the better the prognosis for the affected child. Here we show measurable alcohol effects at birth on a structure currently used for nosology only much later in life.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> Midline shape of the corpus callosum was imaged in infants via averaged unwarped transfontanelle ultrasound. We compared measures of these shapes among 23 infants prenatally exposed to high levels of alcohol and 21 infants unexposed to alcohol or only lightly exposed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> A particular feature of the corpus callosum, the appearance of a \u201chook\u201d (obtuse angle) between the splenium and the long diameter of the arch in this plane, is strongly associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. In half of the high\u2010exposed infants, the splenium angle is larger than in any of the unexposed brains. Simply characterizing this angle as less than or greater than 90\u00b0 detects 12 of the 23 exposed infants as anomalous with only 1 false positive among the unexposed. This apparently direct effect of prenatal ethanol exposure on the details of the callosum in about half the at\u2010risk subjects cannot be attributed to any of several plausible competing exposures or other confounding factors applying during or after gestation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion: <\/jats:bold> An average of the images for the unexposed subjects has the geometry of textbook images of normal babies; but the average for the subgroup of high\u2010angle subjects may serve as a template or guide to this regional damage parallel to the familiar photographic exemplars that help to assess facial signs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00367.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,26]],"date-time":"2007-03-26T17:12:10Z","timestamp":1174929130000},"page":"868-879","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Many Infants Prenatally Exposed to High Levels of Alcohol Show One Particular Anomaly of the Corpus Callosum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Fred L.","family":"Bookstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Janet E.","family":"Huggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helen M.","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kristi D.","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ann P.","family":"Streissguth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"400","article-title":"Diagnosing the full spectrum of fetal alcohol\u2010exposed individuals","volume":"35","author":"Astley SJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"introducing the 4-digit diagnostic code"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"487","article-title":"Normal postnatal development of the corpus callosum as demonstrated by MR imaging","volume":"9","author":"Barkovich AJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02210.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology","author":"Bookstein FL","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Landmark methods for forms without landmarks","volume":"1","author":"Bookstein FL","year":"1997","journal-title":"localizing group differences in outline shape"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"167","volume-title":"Brain Warping","author":"Bookstein FL","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2005.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Visualization in Biomedical Computing. 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