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Using both monoclonal antibody staining and flow cytometry, we determined the absolute numbers and percentages of the following T cell immune subsets: T helper (CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>), T virgin (CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD45<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>), T memory (CD4 <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD45<jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup>), T suppressor\/cytotoxic (CD8 <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>), CD8 <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T suppressor (CD8 <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD57 <jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup>) and CD8 <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cytotoxic (CD8 <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD57 <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) cells. After computing the CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8 <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> ratio, we detected a significantly increased ratio in depressed patients as compared with healthy controls. Depression per se is characterized by a higher percentage of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and a lower percentage of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD57<jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup> cells. Melancholic depressed subjects exhibit a significantly increased number of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD45<jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup> cells. The combined use of various percentages of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> (sub)sets yields a high degree of marker positivity for melancholia: through cumulative evaluation of those percentages, the marker positivity increases to 68% (sensitivity) and the specificity is 95%. These results together with our previous reports may refer to a depression\u2010related state of T cell activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03292.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,23]],"date-time":"2007-08-23T12:36:26Z","timestamp":1187872586000},"page":"423-431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Immune disorders in depression: higher T helper\/T suppressor\u2010cytotoxic cell 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