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M2\u2010polarized tumor\u2010associated macrophages and the related myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells are key prototypic components of smoldering inflammation driving neoplastic progression. However, mononuclear phagocytes can exert anti\u2010tumor activity by killing tumor cells and eliciting tissue disruptive reactions (M1), a likely scenario in the early phases of carcinogenesis of immunogenic tumors and following therapeutic intervention. Shifting the macrophage balance represents a viable therapeutic target. Herein, the \u2018macrophage balance\u2019 is discussed in the context of the apparent paradox of tumor promotion by innate immunity\u2010driven inflammation and the seemingly opposed tumor surveillance by adaptive immune responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065x.2008.00607.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,20]],"date-time":"2008-03-20T02:18:22Z","timestamp":1205979502000},"page":"155-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":529,"title":["The Yin\u2010Yang of tumor\u2010associated macrophages in neoplastic progression and immune 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