{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T15:18:51Z","timestamp":1759936731230},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,31]],"date-time":"2012-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim:\u2002<\/jats:bold> To describe gut colonization in preterm infants using standard culture and 16S gene rRNA profiling, exploring differences in healthy infants and those who developed NEC\/late onset sepsis (LOS).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Ninety\u2010nine stools from 38 infants of median 27\u2010week gestation were cultured; 44 stools from 27 infants had their microbial profiles determined by 16S. Ordination analyses explored effects of patient variables on gut communities.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Standard microbiological culture identified a mean of two organisms (range 0\u20137), DGGE 12 (range 3\u201318) per patient. <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic> and coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) were most common by culture (40% and 39% of specimens). Meconium was not sterile. No fungi were cultured. Bacterial community structures in infants with NEC and LOS differed from healthy infants. Infants who developed NEC carried more CONS (45% vs 30%) and less <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic> (31% vs 57%). 16S identified <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> presence associated with NEC\/LOS, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Important differences were found in the gut microbiota of preterm infants who develop NEC\/LOS. 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