{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T17:59:23Z","timestamp":1774115963030,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,4]],"date-time":"2010-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The FEBS Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The recognition of ubiquitylated substrates is an essential element of ubiquitin\/26S proteasome\u2010mediated proteolysis (UPP), which is mediated directly by the proteasome subunit RPN10 and\/or RPN13, or indirectly by ubiquitin receptors containing ubiquitin\u2010like and ubiquitin\u2010associated domains. By pull\u2010down and mutagenesis assays, we detected cross\u2010species divergence of the major recognition pathways. RPN10 plays a major role in direct recognition in Arabidopsis and yeast based on the strong affinity for the long and K48\u2010linked ubiquitin chains. In contrast, both the RPN10 and RPN13 homologs play major roles in humans. For indirect recognition, the RAD23 and DSK2 homologs (except for the human DSK2 homolog) are major receptors. The human RAD23 homolog is targeted to the 26S proteasome by the RPN10 and RPN13 homologs. In comparison, Arabidopsis uses UIM1 and UIM3 of RPN10 to bind DSK2 and RAD23, respectively. Yeast uses UIM in RPN10 and LRR in RPN1. Overall, multiple proteasome subunits are responsible for the direct and\/or indirect recognition of ubiquitylated substrates in yeast and humans. In contrast, a single proteasome subunit, RPN10, is critical for both the direct and indirect recognition pathways in Arabidopsis. In agreement with these results, the accumulation of ubiquitylated substrates and severe pleiotropic phenotypes of vegetative and reproductive growth are associated with the loss of RPN10 function in an Arabidopsis T\u2010DNA insertion mutant. This implies that the targeting and proteolysis of the critical regulators involved are affected. These results support a cross\u2010species mechanistic and functional divergence of the major recognition pathways for ubiquitylated substrates of UPP.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Structured digital abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>A list of the large number of protein\u2010protein interactions described in this article is available via the MINT article ID <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/mint.bio.uniroma2.it\/mint\/search\/publication.do?publicationAc=MINT-7307429\">MINT\u20107307429<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2009.07531.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,4]],"date-time":"2010-01-04T23:35:34Z","timestamp":1262648134000},"page":"796-816","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Cross\u2010species divergence of the major recognition pathways of 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