{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T17:25:44Z","timestamp":1775064344480,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Assisted Learning"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phonological awareness is the ability to identify and manipulate the sounds of language. This is a crucial skill for reading and spelling development. However, students with intellectual disabilities (ID) often have difficulties in acquiring phonological awareness skills.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the impact of a digital game\u2010based Phonological Awareness Intervention (PAI) programme on phonological awareness skills of students with intellectual disabilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used a single\u2010subject design with a multiple baseline model and probe conditions across participants. The participants consisted of three students aged between 7 and 8\u2009years who had been diagnosed with mild\u2010to\u2010moderate ID. The PAI programme was implemented using a digital game\u2010based approach involving interactive activities and feedback. The implementation process was conducted in four phases: baseline, intervention, probe and maintenance phases. Students' phonological awareness skills were measured using standardised tests and observational checklists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PAI programme significantly improved phonological awareness skills of all three participants. These results highlight the effectiveness of the PAI programme in enhancing phonological awareness skills of students with intellectual disabilities. The digital game\u2010based approach engaged and motivated students and facilitated their learning. The study also demonstrated the social validity of the PAI programme, as both students and their mothers expressed satisfaction and appreciation. This study suggests that digital games can be a useful tool for PAIs in students with intellectual disabilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.70038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T02:10:13Z","timestamp":1745287813000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Enhancing Phonological Awareness Skills in Students With Intellectual Disability Through Digital Gaming Intervention"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6104-2381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"ALTINDA\u011e KUMA\u015e","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Education Department Dicle University  Diyarbak\u0131r Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7412-5880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015eenay","family":"DEL\u0130MEHMET DADA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Education Department Trabzon University  Trabzon Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1470-8195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halime Miray","family":"S\u00dcMER DODUR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Work Department \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131 Karatekin University  \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131 Turkey"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00391"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"1690","article-title":"Okuma Bozuklu\u011fu Olan bir \u00d6\u011frencinin Okuma ve Yazma Becerisinin Geli\u015ftirilmesine Y\u00f6nelik bir Durum \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131","volume":"5","author":"Akyol H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Education in Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022466908314869"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"311","volume-title":"Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers","author":"Alberto P.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31559\/ccse2020.1.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2022.104364"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963\u20107214.2005.00376.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1944\u20107558\u2010118.5.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.2035"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0265659003ct242"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1113822"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0741932517721712"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tlt.2022.3170231"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2511\/rpsd.33.1\u20102.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2010.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1008051414854"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750\u20108606.2010.00142.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949002300507"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","volume-title":"Effective Literacy Instruction for Students With Moderate or Severe Disabilities","author":"Copeland S. R.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0741932510381651"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Cognitive Benefits of Embodied Learning in the Context of Early School Literacy","author":"Damsgaard L.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17446295211016170"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","volume-title":"2000: Preschool and Primary Inventory of Phonological Awareness","author":"Dodd B.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2013.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881\u2010002\u20100010\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949803100506"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","unstructured":"G\u00fcven O. S.2009.Erken dil Geli\u015fimi Testi\u2010\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Versiyonun T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye Uyarlama G\u00fcvenirlik ve Ge\u00e7erlik \u00f6n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131. Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi. Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Eski\u015fehir."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440290507100203"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095679761143592"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15405\/epsbs.2020.10.03.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15703\/kjsie.2019.18.2.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07419325040250020301"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/assehr.k.220203.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161\u20101461(2006\/033)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219413510179"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13158\u2010022\u201000292\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21565\/ozelegitimdergisi.299868"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3104\/reports.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","first-page":"78","volume-title":"Genel E\u011fitim Okullar\u0131nda \u00d6zel Gereksinimi Olan \u00d6\u011frenciler Ve \u00d6zel E\u011fitim [Students With Special Needs in General Education Schools and Special Education] I\u00e7inde","author":"K\u0131rcaali \u0130ftar G.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010014\u20102328\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","volume-title":"A Land We Can Share. Teaching Literacy to Students With Autism","author":"Kluth P.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489\u2010024\u201000465\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12965\/kjapa.2019.27.4.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440291207900104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","first-page":"28","volume-title":"5th International Conference on Distance Learning and Education","author":"Liaw S. S.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.2392"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.LEARNINSTRUC.2010.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/027112149401400405"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145\u2010007\u20109065\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","volume-title":"Supporting Children With Intellectual Disability","author":"Mednick M.","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","first-page":"284","article-title":"The Role of Phonological Awareness in Reading Acquisition: A Study of Norwegian Children","volume":"35","author":"Melby\u2010Lerv\u00e5g M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Reading"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088357612446859"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17161\/kwpl.1808.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.123456"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012\u20101649.40.5.665"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33394\/jollt.v10i3.5499"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","volume-title":"Teaching Children to Read: An Evidence\u2010Based Assessment of the Scientific Research Literature on Reading and Its Implications for Reading Instruction: Reports of the Subgroups","author":"National Reading Panel (US) National Institute of Child Health, & Human Development (US)","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","volume-title":"All About Words: Increasing Vocabulary in the Common Core Classroom, Pre K\u20102","author":"Neuman S. B.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/s0718\u201009342021000200409"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","volume-title":"A Study to Examine the Effects of Emphasizing Phoneme\u2010Grapheme Correspondence and De\u2010Emphasizing Letter Names on Early Literacy Skills in Kindergarten Children","author":"Putman L. L.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rrq.383"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"Evidence\u2010Based and Child\u2010Friendly: Shared Book Reading With Chants Support Young Children's Language and Literacy Development","volume":"47","author":"Richards J. C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reading Improvement"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-3802.12458"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20473869.2023.2212958"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15548430jlr3403_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327035ex0904_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20435\/serie\u2010estudos.v25i54.1402"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35361\/kjid.24.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1053815119856067"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00805"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","volume-title":"\u00d6zel E\u011fitimde Yanl\u0131\u015fs\u0131z \u00d6\u011fretim Y\u00f6ntemleri","author":"Tekin E.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","volume-title":"E\u011fitim ve Davran\u0131\u015f Bilimlerinde tek Denekli Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar [Single Subject Research Methodology in Educational and Behavioral Sciences]","author":"Tekin\u2010\u0130ftar E.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2020.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30998\/rdje.v7i2.9267"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2021.639294"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639\u2010023\u201011863\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1034912042000182210"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcal.70038","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T08:24:56Z","timestamp":1763454296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jcal.70038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jcal.70038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcal.70038","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0266-4909","1365-2729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0266-4909","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70038"}}