{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:11:05Z","timestamp":1778505065342,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004686","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KFU252148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFU252148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Assisted Learning"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>One area that has been dramatically changed by artificial intelligence (AI) is educational environments. Chatbots, Recommender Systems, Adaptive Learning Systems and Large Language Models have been emerging as practical tools for facilitating learning. However, using such tools appropriately is challenging. In this regard, the construct of metacognitive learning resilience has been receiving growing attention, especially in the face of uncertainties and adversities associated with AI\u2010supported learning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current research aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the AI\u2010Integrated Metacognitive Learning Resilience Scale (AIIMLR Scale). This scale was developed to assess students' ability to cognitively and emotionally manage learning challenges in AI\u2010enhanced learning settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study, which had a mixed\u2010method research design, was performed in Jordan in 2025. A pool of items, developed based on a systematic review of theoretical literature and semi\u2010structured interviews, was used. Then, content validation and the pilot phase were used to modify items. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory graph analysis (EGA) and Random Forest Modelling (RFM) were used to assess construct validity of this scale. In addition, Cronbach's alpha (<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) and McDonald's omega (<jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>) were used to assess reliability. Finally, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was performed in addition to evaluating test\u2013retest reliability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>EFA results revealed six factors: Self\u2010Awareness and Metacognitive Regulation in AI\u2010Mediated Learning; Cognitive Adaptability in Dynamic AI\u2010Based Learning Contexts; Emotional Stability During AI\u2010Integrated Learning Challenges; Strategic Perseverance in AI\u2010Supported Problem\u2010Solving; Motivational Resilience Amid AI\u2010Driven Learning Difficulties; and Reflective Recalibration of Learning through AI Feedback. These six factors collectively explained 66.21% of the total variance. CFA fit indices (CFI\u2009=\u20090.917, RMSEA\u2009=\u20090.079) and reliability indicators, including Cronbach's alpha (0.897\u20130.948), McDonald's omega (0.892\u20130.950) and Composite Reliability (CR: 0.888\u20130.954), were all within acceptable ranges. Moreover, convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed using the Average Variance Extracted (AVE). The measurement invariance test across gender indicated that the scale maintains stable measurement properties for both males and females. Findings suggest that the AIIMLR Scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing metacognitive learning resilience in AI\u2010enhanced educational settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.70127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T04:16:11Z","timestamp":1757909771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Design and Validation of the <scp>AI<\/scp>\u2010Integrated Metacognitive Learning Resilience Scale (<scp>AIIMLR<\/scp> Scale) for Secondary School Students in Jordan: Insights From the Network Analysis Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5247-2526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Nayef","family":"Ayasrah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational Sciences, Special Education, Al Balqa Applied University Irbid University College  Ibrid Jordan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1390-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad Ahmad Saleem","family":"Khasawneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Education King Khalid University  Abha Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1952-3083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mazen Omar","family":"Almulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Education and Psychology Department, College of Education, King Faisal University  Alahsa Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3709-4314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amoura Hassan","family":"Aboutaleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, Al Ain University  Abu Dhabi UAE"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022086"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01496-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.28945\/4542"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6007\/IJARBSS\/v9-i9\/6317"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11409-025-09420-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11409\u2010025\u201009425\u20101"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Factors Affecting the Adoption of e\u2010Learning: Jordanian Universities Case Study","volume":"4","author":"Altarawneh M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47353\/ijedl.v2i2.269"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","first-page":"3006","article-title":"Students' Attitudes Towards e\u2010Learning in Jordanian Universities","volume":"22","author":"Awais B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5546-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118956588.ch16"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-237X(200007)84:4<486::AID-SCE4>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00149"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124192021002005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203807644"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01787"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0902_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-020-01500-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","volume-title":"Constructing Validity: Basic Issues in Objective Scale Development","author":"Clark L. 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