{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T16:17:58Z","timestamp":1776788278867,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ACA210010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACA210010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Assisted Learning"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with autism often face challenges in developing social\u2013emotional skills, which are essential for their overall growth and social integration. Social robots have emerged as promising tools to support these skills; however, their effectiveness and educational applications remain uncertain, with existing research lacking consensus on their specific benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of social robots in enhancing social\u2013emotional skills in children with autism through a comprehensive three\u2010level meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A three\u2010level meta\u2010analysis was conducted across 20 trials, incorporating 64 effect sizes from 532 children with autism. The primary outcomes include improvements in verbal and non\u2010verbal communication, social reciprocity, emotional competence and social cognition. Meta\u2010regression was conducted to identify key moderators. Meta\u2010power analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias tests were conducted to ensure the robustness and reliability of findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings revealed that social robotic\u2010assisted interventions have a moderate positive effect on social\u2013emotional skills development (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.51), with the greatest effect on social reciprocity (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.72), followed by emotional competence (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.49), verbal communication (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.49), social cognition (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.35), and non\u2010verbal communication (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.32). Children with more severe ASD symptoms experienced greater improvements, highlighting the potential of robots as assistive tools in inclusive education and personalised learning. Future research should explore the long\u2010term sustainability and transferability of robotic interventions, technology advancement and integration with other technologies, and their adaptability across different cultural and socioeconomic contexts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.70154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T04:48:24Z","timestamp":1762836504000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Role of Social Robot in Enhancing Social\u2013Emotional Skill Development in Children With Autism: A Three\u2010Level Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China Southwest University  Chongqing China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3523-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianghua","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China Southwest University  Chongqing China"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SWUFE\u2010UD Institute of Data Science at SWUFE Southwestern University of Finance and Economics  Chengdu Sichuan China"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Educational Science Xinjiang Normal University  Urumqi Xinjiang China"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000591"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01183-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22030944"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10400435.2018.1463575"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03192707"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47577\/tssj.v33i1.6845"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3132785"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-022-05447-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2007.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361313479454"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1232177"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119558378"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071\u20105819(03)00018\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-013-0202-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23115291"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369\u2010023\u201001060\u20107"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Artificial Intelligent Robots for Precision Education","volume":"26","author":"Chen X.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educational Technology & Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-019-09415-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effectiveness of Robotic Intervention on Improving Social Development and Participation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder\u2013A Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"55","author":"Chung E. 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