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Deficient emotional self\u2010regulation (DESR) was defined as moderate elevations on three specific scales of the child behavior checklist (anxious\/depressed, aggressive behavior, and attention problems). We used generalized estimating equations to assess the influence of prenatal exposure to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      on\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DESR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in children at 3\u20135, 7, 9, and 11\u00a0years of age, adjusted for gender and race\/ethnicity. Next, we assessed the association of prenatal exposure to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      with social competence, as measured by the social responsiveness scale (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), the association of impaired self\u2010regulation with social competence, and whether impairment in self\u2010regulation mediated the association of prenatal exposure to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      with social competence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We detected a significant interaction (at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.05) of exposure with time, in which the developmental trajectory of self\u2010regulatory capacity was delayed in the exposed children. Multiple linear regression revealed a positive association between presence of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      adducts and problems with social competence (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.04), level of dysregulation and problems with social competence (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001), and evidence that self\u2010regulation mediates the association of prenatal exposure to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      with social competence (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0007).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These data suggest that prenatal exposure to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      produces long\u2010lasting effects on self\u2010regulatory capacities across early and middle childhood, and that these deficits point to emerging social problems with real\u2010world consequences for high\u2010risk adolescent behaviors in this minority urban cohort.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]],"date-time":"2016-03-18T22:19:11Z","timestamp":1458339551000},"page":"851-860","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Longitudinal effects of prenatal exposure to air pollutants on self\u2010regulatory capacities and social 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