{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T05:22:50Z","timestamp":1768800170412,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,27]],"date-time":"2014-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["F31-AG044974-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31-AG044974-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K01-MH093642-A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01-MH093642-A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the degree of diagnostic overlap between frailty and depression and to investigate whether sex differences in symptom endorsement influence this overlap.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional latent class analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were from the 2008 wave of the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative longitudinal survey of health characteristics of older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community\u2010dwelling adults aged 65 and older completing a general health questionnaire and consenting to physical measurements (N\u00a0=\u00a03,665).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frailty was measured using criteria developed in the Cardiovascular Health Study, and depressive symptoms were measured using the eight\u2010item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frailty and depression were best modeled as two distinct but highly correlated constructs with three and four classes of symptom response, respectively. Measurement overlap was high in men and women. Approximately 73% of individuals with severe depressive symptoms and 86% with primarily somatic depressive symptoms were categorized as concurrently frail. The degree of construct overlap between depression and frailty did not significantly vary according to sex, but women were significantly more likely to endorse all frailty and depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Measures of depression and frailty identify substantially overlapping populations of older men and women. More\u2010frequent endorsement of depressive symptoms, but not differential endorsement of somatic symptoms, may contribute to the higher prevalence of frailty in women. The symptom of exhaustion is particularly important to the correlation between these two conditions. Findings will inform clinician and researcher efforts to refine the definition of geriatric syndromes such as frailty and to develop effective interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,27]],"date-time":"2014-02-27T14:17:02Z","timestamp":1393510622000},"page":"500-505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Sex Differences in the Construct Overlap of Frailty and Depression: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Lohman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology Department of Family Medicine and Population Health Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia"}]},{"given":"Levent","family":"Dumenci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond 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