{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T19:30:40Z","timestamp":1784143840110,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42230702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transactions in GIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As a sudden and highly destructive geological hazard, debris flows pose significant challenges for hazard assessment. However, such assessments often suffer from sparse data, unclear mechanisms, and limited decision\u2010making transparency, highlighting the need for a synergistic modeling approach that integrates domain knowledge with data\u2010driven methods. To address this need, this study proposes a knowledge\u2013data dual\u2010driven hazard assessment framework. By employing an improved AHP\u2013CRITIC hybrid weighting scheme, it effectively combines expert knowledge with statistical characteristics of multi\u2010source data and incorporates the SHAP model to enhance the interpretability of the decision\u2010making process. Using Gaoling Gully as a case study and integrating field investigations with satellite imagery, 14 evaluation factors were selected from four categories\u2014topography, lithology, hydrology, and land cover. An interpretable single\u2010gully debris\u2010flow hazard assessment framework was developed based on an improved AHP\u2013CRITIC weighting method and the SHAP interpretation model. The AHP\u2013CRITIC approach was used to combine subjective and objective weights to delineate hazard zones under different rainfall return periods (10a, 20a, 50a, and 100a). The assessment results were further validated using FLO\u20102D numerical simulations and ROC curves. The results demonstrate that the AHP\u2013CRITIC method achieves high predictive performance and shows strong agreement with the FLO\u20102D simulation results, indicating a clear physical basis. As rainfall intensity increases, high\u2010hazard zones exhibit a linear expansion along the main gully. The SHAP analysis further reveals that hydrodynamic and source\u2010material conditions play dominant roles in the study area. This integrated assessment framework provides a solid theoretical foundation and technical support for managing single\u2010gully debris\u2010flow hazards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.70218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T16:01:56Z","timestamp":1772985716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Debris\u2010Flow Hazard Assessment Framework Based on an Improved\n                    <scp>AHP<\/scp>\n                    \u2013\n                    <scp>CRITIC<\/scp>\n                    Method: A Case Study of Gaoling Gully"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3566-1816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean College Zhejiang University  Zhoushan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2664-4747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianxing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean College Zhejiang University  Zhoushan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangxu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean College Zhejiang University  Zhoushan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingfeng","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean College Zhejiang University  Zhoushan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songyan","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Institute of Geosciences, Ltd.  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