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However, existing methods primarily rely on attribute encoders, the associations between relations and their numerical attributes, and additional loss functions to predict numerical relations. They overlook entity semantic information, which limits their ability to understand characteristics of entities and capture semantic relations between entities, particularly when reasoning about missing relations among entities in geographic knowledge graphs. To address this issue, we propose the (Dual Relation\u2010Aware Embedding) DRAE model. DRAE utilizes the Entity Enhancer to incorporate semantic information into the numerical reasoning process, enabling it to better understand complex characteristics of entities and their semantic relations in geographic knowledge graph, thereby acquiring more accurate numerical representations to facilitate effective numerical reasoning. To assess the model's capability to process semantic information in geographic knowledge graphs, we create a new dataset Geography, which is adapted from FB15k\u2010237 and specifically incorporates semantic information designed to be conducive to numerical reasoning tasks. Compared with the existing state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art methods, empirical evaluations across three datasets (Credit, Spotify, Geography) demonstrate that DRAE outperforms. DRAE achieves improvements of 11.546% in Hits@1, and 12.25% in MRR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.70223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T10:06:15Z","timestamp":1772964375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Numerical Reasoning for Geographic Knowledge Graph Based on Relation\u2010Attribute Hybrid and Entity Semantic Learning"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Aoheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"},{"name":"College of Computer and Information Technology China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei China"},{"name":"Three Gorges Digital Intelligence Institute China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiechun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"},{"name":"College of Computer and Information Technology China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei China"},{"name":"Three Gorges Digital Intelligence Institute China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianna","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"},{"name":"College of Computer and Information Technology China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei China"},{"name":"Three Gorges Digital Intelligence Institute China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"},{"name":"College of Computer and Information Technology China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei China"},{"name":"Three Gorges Digital Intelligence Institute China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"},{"name":"College of Computer and Information Technology China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei China"},{"name":"Three Gorges Digital Intelligence Institute China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"},{"name":"College of Computer and Information Technology China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei China"},{"name":"Three Gorges Digital Intelligence Institute China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5432-1166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"},{"name":"College of Computer and Information Technology China Three Gorges University  Yichang Hubei China"},{"name":"Three Gorges Digital Intelligence Institute China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al\u2010Negheimish H. 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