{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T13:48:48Z","timestamp":1782222528983,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006365","name":"Universidad de Cantabria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006365","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transactions in GIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Space\u2013time demographic and built\u2010up trends are crucial in the European challenge of socio\u2010territorial cohesion and the Urban Agenda. This research aims to analyze the space\u2013time patterns of population and built\u2010up areas in Spain between 1975 and 2020, without the constraints imposed by administrative boundaries. To this end, we used the freely available Global Human Settlement Layer to analyze 3D bins and emerging hot spots for population and built\u2010up areas. Our results showed that the space\u2013time patterns for built\u2010up areas are more homogeneous than those for population, reducing built\u2010up cluster diversity to two cold\u2010spot types and four hotspot classes. In contrast, population dynamics exhibit greater variability, encompassing all eight possible hotspot categories and seven distinct cold\u2010spot types. The 37.46% of the surface area corresponds to both built\u2010up and population cold trends. Conversely, 11.91% of the surface area encompasses both hot spots coinciding with functional urban areas (FUA) and extending beyond their boundaries, where 74.93% of the population resides. Surrounding FUA areas exhibit decoupling trends, with dynamic built\u2010up patterns and static or declining populations. Furthermore, dynamic areas showed declining density as the effective density decreased by 26.87%. The method can be transferred to other countries, and the insightful results could assist policymakers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.70235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T07:07:46Z","timestamp":1773385666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["De\u2010Densification and Decoupling Trends in the Relationship Between Population and Built\u2010Up Areas: A\n                    <scp>GIS<\/scp>\n                    Model Beyond Administrative Boundaries (Spain, 1975\u20132020)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2245-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"De Cos Guerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Urban and Regional Planning Universidad de Cantabria  Santander Spain"},{"name":"Research Group on Health Economics Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL)  Santander Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Access to Services in Rural Spain","author":"Alloza M.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su11246948"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Challenges and Opportunities for Territorial Cohesion in Europe","author":"Batista e Silva F.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/psp.1797"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.38191\/iirr\u2010jorr.23.011"},{"issue":"202","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"675","article-title":"La Agenda Urbana Espa\u00f1ola","volume":"51","author":"De la Cruz A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ciudad y Territorio. 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