{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T09:47:32Z","timestamp":1782726452038,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transactions in GIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Illegal land use by enterprises and the resulting misallocation of land resources have become critical challenges for sustainable regional development, particularly in ecologically sensitive dryland regions. This study investigates the spatiotemporal patterns and driving mechanisms of enterprise\u2010related illegal land use in China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) during the transition from the 13th to the 14th Five\u2010Year Plans (2017\u20132024), using multi\u2010source inspectorate data integrated with remote sensing analysis. To address classification uncertainty in complex landscapes such as grassland\u2013desert ecotones and peri\u2010urban zones, an uncertainty\u2010aware land use\/land cover (LULC) framework based on satellite embedding representations and a fivefold Random Forest ensemble was employed. The classification achieved robust performance, with overall accuracy ranging from 90.3% to 94.4% and Kappa coefficients ranging from 0.884 to 0.932. Spatial analysis revealed that illegal land use activities and resource misallocation were concentrated in transition zones characterized by high ecological sensitivity and rapid policy\u2010driven land conversions. Grasslands expanded by 71,399\u2009km\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (+20.8%), while deserts decreased by 87,866\u2009km\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\u221220.0%), indicating large\u2010scale restoration; however, localized inconsistencies suggest potential regulatory gaps and unauthorized land conversions. Forests and croplands increased moderately (+5.3% and +8.3%), while urban land declined in restricted zones, reflecting stricter land governance. Uncertainty hotspots correspond closely with areas of high inspection frequency, highlighting regions where enforcement and monitoring remain critical. The findings demonstrate that integrating multi\u2010source inspectorate data with uncertainty\u2010aware remote sensing approaches can effectively diagnose illegal land\u2010use patterns and their underlying drivers, providing a scientific basis for optimizing land resource allocation, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and supporting sustainable land management policies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.70270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T09:29:39Z","timestamp":1782725379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatiotemporal Patterns and Driving Mechanism Analysis of Enterprise Illegal Land Use and Land Resource Misallocation Based on Multi\u2010Source Inspectorate Data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8949-3660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yichao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Discipline Inspection and Supervision, Digital Discipline Inspection and Supervision Science Laboratory China University of Political Science and Law  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.70497"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2025.106842"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269\u2010025\u201004409\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24749508.2026.2640681"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fire7110413"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201067173\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2019.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrmge.2025.01.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2024.2310723"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2025.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oregeorev.2025.106632"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2019.01.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S021987622450066X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.70200"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enceco.2025.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2024.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661\u2010023\u201011821\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2025.106882"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2025.121212"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40854\u2010025\u201000780\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024JD042515"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coldregions.2026.104828"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2025.3631384"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2025.3632827"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2025.108609"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023AV001134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JB012163"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsf.2025.102171"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2026.110263"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2024.3402823"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/B38058.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nag.3991"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nag.70059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","first-page":"471","volume-title":"Earth Observation","author":"Tariq A","year":"2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd\u201016\u20102297\u20102024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2024.114449"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2024.2379468"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs17162909"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2025.118764"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/ehs.0465"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2025.3620790"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8897139"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2025.113313"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS\u2010D\u201024\u20100176.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2025.3608444"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2025.111269"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2024.106269"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/IJGNAI.GMENG\u201011572"}],"container-title":["Transactions in GIS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tgis.70270","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/tgis.70270","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tgis.70270","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T09:29:40Z","timestamp":1782725380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tgis.70270"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tgis.70270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tgis.70270","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1361-1682","1467-9671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1361-1682","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-9671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70270"}}