{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T07:01:07Z","timestamp":1780297267717,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transactions in GIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigates the gap between geospatial academic training and workplace expectations by analyzing introductory GIS syllabi from 60 US institutions (2023\u20132024). We frame this misalignment as a structural tension between an academic knowledge regime, prioritizing conceptual mastery, and an applied regime, valuing operational competence. Quantitative analysis of learning outcomes, assessments, and software ecosystems reveals that while workforce readiness is rhetorically emphasized, syllabi predominantly encode competence through lower\u2010order learning outcomes (60%\u201364%) and offer limited portfolio requirements (11.4%\u201328%). Furthermore, software remains overwhelmingly proprietary (95%\u201397%), signaling standardization over innovation. These patterns suggest that applied competence is under\u2010institutionalized within formal curricula. We propose a T\u2010shaped competency model incorporating embedded micro\u2010credentials to balance conceptual breadth with specialized professional skills. By demonstrating how misalignment is embedded in curricular artifacts, this study provides a framework for intentional design that bridges academic and professional knowledge regimes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.70299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T06:32:04Z","timestamp":1779949924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Regime Mismatch in US Introductory\n                    <scp>GIS<\/scp>\n                    Education: A Syllabus Analysis of Curricular Legitimacy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2710-8903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Waktola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Austin Community College Geography Department  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11120592"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Understanding Geocomputation Education: A Survey and Syllabi Informed Review","volume":"23","author":"Bowlick F. 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R.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Geospatial Media & Communications.2023.\u201cFuture of Geospatial Industry Report.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Geospatial World.2022.\u201cGeospatial Industry Outlook Report.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"Geospatial Core Technical Knowledge and Skills","author":"GISCI","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2043820613513121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/a45184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0033-0124.1992.00181.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Global Landscape of GIS Education","volume":"30","author":"Kerski J. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-12031-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15430421tip4104_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","volume-title":"The Education\u2013Jobs Gap: Underemployment or Economic Democracy","author":"Livingstone D. W.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","volume-title":"Foundations for Spatial Data Infrastructure: A Workshop Report","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87567550209595875"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"6452","article-title":"Transfer of Learning","volume":"2","author":"Perkins D. 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