{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T17:50:39Z","timestamp":1782496239804,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFB2603700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFB2603700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transactions in GIS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As digital twin technology is increasingly integrated into intelligent operation and maintenance (O&amp;M) for railways, achieving the efficient integration, automated deployment, and dynamic updating of BIM and GIS models has become a key challenge in railway infrastructure automation construction. Existing BIM\u2010GIS integration methods face challenges such as low automation, inadequate spatial matching accuracy, and poor model loading efficiency. This study proposes a BIM\u2010GIS integration modeling method based on global\u2013local skeleton constraints. This method defines and extracts a global\u2013local skeleton model as a geometric spatial constraint, automating BIM component layout and assembly. Simultaneously, an intelligent deployment mechanism is established to enable the automated invocation and efficient deployment of components. Verification with real\u2010world railway infrastructure confirms that the method enhances the automation, spatial accuracy, and efficiency of BIM\u2010GIS integration, providing strong technical support for infrastructure construction automation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.70300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:16:57Z","timestamp":1780471017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global\u2013Local Skeleton Constraint\u2010Based\n                    <scp>BIM<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>GIS<\/scp>\n                    Integration Modeling Method for Railway Infrastructure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1197-8685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ni","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7659-1957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yakun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bridge Intelligent and Green Construction, Southwest Jiaotong University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1330-4543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huixin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Engineering, Chengdu Normal University  Chengdu Sichuan 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