{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T12:49:25Z","timestamp":1760100565258,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,22]],"date-time":"2013-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Auton Autocoid Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list><jats:list-item><jats:p>This study was conducted to determine whether the atypical opioid analgesic tramadol inhibits the contractility of isolated non\u2010pregnant human myometrium. Ten strips of non\u2010pregnant human myometrium stimulated with 55\u00a0m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>potassium chloride (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KCl<\/jats:styled-content>) were treated with three concentrations (30, 100 and 300\u00a0\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) of tramadol to test for any inhibitory effect of tramadol. The effects of concurrent administration of the \u00df adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (1\u00a0\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>), the guanylyl cyclase and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor methylene blue (20\u00a0\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) and the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (100\u00a0\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) with tramadol were also studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Tramadol caused a concentration\u2010dependent inhibition of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KCl<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced myometrial contractility, which was statistically significant at all three concentrations of tramadol used. Propranolol significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of 100\u00a0\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>tramadol on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KCl<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced myometrial contractility but not that of 300\u00a0\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>tramadol. Neither methylene blue nor naloxone reversed the inhibitory effect of tramadol on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KCl<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced myometrial contractility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>These results suggest that tramadol inhibits<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KCl<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced contractility of isolated human myometrium. They also suggest that tramadol relaxes the myometrium due to stimulation of \u00df<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>adrenoceptors. However, the concentrations of tramadol required to relax the myometrium were high and likely to be attained at toxic doses, rather than therapeutic doses, of tramadol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aap.12003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,22]],"date-time":"2013-02-22T08:12:52Z","timestamp":1361520772000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tramadol inhibits the contractility of isolated human myometrium"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"N. H.","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Clinical Pharmacology Christian Medical College Vellore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Christian Medical College Vellore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Christian Medical College Vellore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Peedicayil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Clinical Pharmacology Christian Medical College Vellore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000244403"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.125277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"CD001237","article-title":"Types of intra\u2010muscular opioids for maternal pain relief in labour","volume":"2","author":"Elbourne D.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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