{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T15:40:02Z","timestamp":1750866002935,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]],"date-time":"2017-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004482","name":"Kuwait University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YM 05\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YM 05\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Auton Autocoid Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list><jats:list-item><jats:p>In addition to providing mechanical support for blood vessels, the perivascular adipose tissue (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>) secretes a number of vasoactive substances and exerts an anticontractile effect. The main objective of this study was to find out whether the anticontractile effect of cooling in the rat aorta is affected by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>. Our hypothesis was that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>would enhance the anticontractile effect of cooling in the rat aorta.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Aorta segments, with or without<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>, were used in this investigation. Cumulative concentration\u2010response curves were established for phenylephrine at 37\u00b0C or 24\u00b0C. Phenylephrine (10<jats:sup>\u20109<\/jats:sup>M \u2013 10<jats:sup>\u20105<\/jats:sup>M) induced concentration\u2010dependent contractions of aorta segments with or without<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>at 37\u00b0C. The maximum response, but not<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pD<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>value, was reduced in aorta segments with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Cooling the tissues to 24 \u00b0C resulted in a significant reduction in the maximum response in aorta segments without<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>with no change in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pD<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>values. However, the anticontractile effect of cooling was attenuated in the presence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>with no significant (p &gt; 0.05) change in either the maximum response or<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pD<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>value.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>L\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAME<\/jats:styled-content>potentiated<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced contractions and this was greater in aorta segments without<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>at both temperatures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>The expression of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNOS<\/jats:styled-content>protein and basal tissue level of nitric oxide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content>) were greater in aorta segments with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>at both temperatures. However,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>significantly increased tissue levels of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content>only in aorta segments without<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>We concluded that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced loss of anticontractile effect of cooling against<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced contractions could be due to impaired generation of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content>in aorta segments with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVAT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aap.12058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]],"date-time":"2017-09-04T10:46:55Z","timestamp":1504522015000},"page":"52-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Attenuation of the anti\u2010contractile effect of cooling in the rat aorta by perivascular adipose tissue"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Rafique","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Department Health Sciences Centre Kuwait University Kuwait Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"AlBader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Department Health Sciences Centre Kuwait University Kuwait 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