{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T01:13:21Z","timestamp":1785028401893,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,17]],"date-time":"2017-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":77,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vice Chancellor for Research of Kerman University of Medical Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Auton Autocoid Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list><jats:list-item><jats:p>The effect of nicotine on heart rate variability (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRV<\/jats:styled-content>) is controversial. Autonomic nervous system is the main regulator of heart rhythm, and heart rate variability is an appropriate index to assessment of the effects of the autonomic system on heart.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>In this study, the combination effect of nicotine and black tea consumption on sympatho\u2010vagal balance and heart rate variability was investigated in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups as control, tea (2.5\u00a0g\/100\u00a0cc, daily), nicotine (2\u00a0mg\/kg\/d) and tea plus nicotine groups which treated for 28\u00a0days, and in the 29th day, their electrocardiograms (lead<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>The mean of high\u2010frequency power (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>) in tea, nicotine and tea plus nicotine groups was significantly more than control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05), and low\u2010frequency power\/high\u2010frequency power (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LF<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>) ratio in the nicotine and tea\u00a0+\u00a0nicotine groups was significantly less than control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05).<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LF<\/jats:styled-content>values did not differ significantly among groups. Mean of standard deviation of normal<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDNN<\/jats:styled-content>) and square root of the mean squared differences of successive<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RMSSD<\/jats:styled-content>) increased significantly in tea, nicotine and tea\u00a0+\u00a0nicotine groups in comparison with control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05)<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:p>Overall, 4\u2010week administration of black tea, nicotine or their combination with dosages used in this study can increase the heart rate variability and improve the sympatho\u2010vagal balance in rat.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aap.12059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,17]],"date-time":"2017-08-17T08:29:56Z","timestamp":1502958596000},"page":"44-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Combinatorial effect of nicotine and black tea on heart rate variability: Useful or harmful?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9937-6985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Joukar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Research Center Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences Kerman University of Medical Science Kerman Iran"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Medical School Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman 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