{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T23:21:33Z","timestamp":1772234493441,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]],"date-time":"2013-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuroprotection from therapeutic hypothermia increases when combined with the anaesthetic gas xenon in animal studies. A clinical feasibility study of the combined treatment has been successfully undertaken in asphyxiated human term newborns. It is unknown whether xenon alone would be sufficient for sedation during hypothermia eliminating or reducing the need for other sedative or analgesic infusions in ventilated sick infants. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>inimum alveolar concentration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAC<\/jats:styled-content>) of xenon is unknown in any neonatal species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight newborn pigs were anaesthetised with sevoflurane alone and then sevoflurane plus xenon at two temperatures. Pigs were randomised to start at either 38.5\u00b0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> or 33.5\u00b0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAC<\/jats:styled-content> for sevoflurane was determined using the claw clamp technique at the preset body temperature. For xenon <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAC<\/jats:styled-content> determination, a background of 0.5 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAC<\/jats:styled-content> sevoflurane was used, and 60% xenon added to the gas mixture. The relationship between sevoflurane and xenon <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAC<\/jats:styled-content> is assumed to be additive.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Xenon concentrations were changed in 5% steps until a positive clamp reaction was noted. Pigs' temperature was changed to the second target, and two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAC<\/jats:styled-content> determinations for sevoflurane and 0.5 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAC<\/jats:styled-content> sevoflurane plus xenon were repeated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAC<\/jats:styled-content> for sevoflurane was 4.1% [95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 3.65\u20134.50] at 38.5\u00b0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> and 3.05% (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.63\u20133.48) at 33.5\u00b0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>, a significant reduction. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAC<\/jats:styled-content> for xenon was 120% at 38.5\u00b0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> and 116% at 33.5\u00b0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>, not different.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In newborn swine sevoflurane, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAC<\/jats:styled-content> was temperature dependent, while xenon <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAC<\/jats:styled-content> was independent of temperature. There was large individual variability in xenon <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAC<\/jats:styled-content>, from 60% to 120%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]],"date-time":"2013-01-14T14:26:57Z","timestamp":1358173617000},"page":"646-653","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["<scp>M<\/scp>inimum alveolar concentration (<scp>MAC<\/scp>) for sevoflurane and xenon at normothermia and hypothermia in newborn pigs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"X.","family":"LIU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Neuroscience School of Clinical Sciences University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"DINGLEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthetics Swansea Medical School University of Swansea  Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"ELSTAD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"SCULL\u2010BROWN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Neuroscience School of Clinical Sciences University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. 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