{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T20:11:02Z","timestamp":1769199062205,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,16]],"date-time":"2013-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"Spinal anaesthesia is a safe and reliable anaesthetic modality for surgical procedures on the lower part of the body. However, because of the description of transient neurologic symptoms (TNS<\/jats:styled-content>), most practitioners have abandoned intrathecal lidocaine. Chloroprocaine (2\u2010chloroprocaine, CP<\/jats:styled-content>) has been one candidate to replace lidocaine for short procedures, despite the fact that neurologic sequelae have been described following the intrathecal injection of large doses of preservative\u2010containing CP<\/jats:styled-content> intended for epidural use. The N<\/jats:styled-content>ational L<\/jats:styled-content>ibrary of M<\/jats:styled-content>edicine's M<\/jats:styled-content>edline and the EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content> databases were searched for the time period 1966 to A<\/jats:styled-content>pril 2012. Fourteen studies of the use of intrathecal CP<\/jats:styled-content> were analysed, including seven volunteer and seven clinical studies. Preservative\u2010free CP<\/jats:styled-content> appears to be a reliable local anaesthetic for short procedures. The duration of the surgical block can be adjusted by varying the dose between 30 and 60\u2009mg. Two double\u2010blind randomised controlled studies demonstrate decreased time to ambulation and discharge when CP<\/jats:styled-content> is used for spinal anaesthesia when compared with other local anaesthetics. The addition of fentanyl appears to prolong the surgical block without significantly prolonging the time to discharge. There have been five possible cases of TNS<\/jats:styled-content> following CP<\/jats:styled-content> spinal anaesthesia in over 4000 patients, and a regressive incomplete cauda equina syndrome has been described. The short duration of spinal CP<\/jats:styled-content> makes it a strong contender for outpatient anaesthesia. It appears to have a lower risk of TNS<\/jats:styled-content> than lidocaine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,16]],"date-time":"2013-01-16T10:37:58Z","timestamp":1358332678000},"page":"545-552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["The use of 2\u2010chloroprocaine for spinal anaesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"GOLDBLUM","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology NYU School of Medicine New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"ATCHABAHIAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology NYU School of Medicine New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199305000-00044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/74.3.328"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000070226.10440.3A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199809000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199611000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/79.3.301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000167636.94707.d3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199610000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"218","article-title":"Procaine compared with lidocaine for incidence of transient neurologic symptoms","volume":"25","author":"Hodgson PS","year":"2000","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/LRA.S16682"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04735.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-195205000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198006000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198006000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198202000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"The chloroprocaine controversy. 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