{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:02:24Z","timestamp":1790373744430,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]],"date-time":"2013-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>The appropriate endotracheal tube (ETT<\/jats:styled-content>) size is commonly determined using age\u2010based formula; ETT<\/jats:styled-content> size determination based on ultrasound (US<\/jats:styled-content>) measurement of subglottic diameter (SD<\/jats:styled-content>), the narrowest portion of the paediatric upper airway, may provide a better method for accurate fit. We aimed to validate ETT<\/jats:styled-content> size determination using US<\/jats:styled-content> measures of SD<\/jats:styled-content> before intubation to establish an empirical formula for ETT<\/jats:styled-content> fitting based on SD<\/jats:styled-content> and biographic parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We included 215 children aged 1\u201372 months undergoing general anaesthesia. US<\/jats:styled-content> was performed on the anterior neck to measure SD<\/jats:styled-content> during mask ventilation under anaesthesia. Endotracheal intubation was performed with a cuffed ETT<\/jats:styled-content> selected by age\u2010based recommendation; the transverse outer diameter (OD<\/jats:styled-content>) of the ETT<\/jats:styled-content> within the trachea at the subglottis level (OD\u2010ETT<\/jats:styled-content> at SD<\/jats:styled-content>) was measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The OD\u2010ETT<\/jats:styled-content> at SD<\/jats:styled-content> was correlated with the actual OD\u2010ETT<\/jats:styled-content> outside the trachea (R<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.635), showing the validity of ultrasonographic measurement; moreover, the US<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010measured SD<\/jats:styled-content> revealed strong correlation with the actual OD\u2010ETT<\/jats:styled-content> (R<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.834). US<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010measured SD<\/jats:styled-content> and biographic data (age, height and weight) showed little correlation in children less than 12 months but good correlation (age, height) in children older than 12 months (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>US<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010measured OD\u2010ETT<\/jats:styled-content> at SD<\/jats:styled-content> was in good agreement with the actual OD\u2010ETT<\/jats:styled-content>, suggesting that US<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010measured SD<\/jats:styled-content> helps in choosing the appropriate ETT<\/jats:styled-content> diameter for children. In children older than 12 months, the equation \u2018OD<\/jats:styled-content> (mm)\u2009=\u20090.01\u2009\u00d7\u2009age (months)\u2009+\u20090.02\u2009\u00d7\u2009height (cm)\u2009+\u20093.3\u2019 may help select the appropriate ETT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]],"date-time":"2013-08-02T12:09:20Z","timestamp":1375445360000},"page":"1124-1130","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Ultrasound measurement of subglottic diameter and an empirical formula for proper endotracheal tube fitting in children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"E. J.","family":"KIM","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine Anaesthesia and Pain Research Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Y.","family":"KIM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine Anaesthesia and Pain Research Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. O.","family":"KIM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine Anaesthesia and Pain Research Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"KIM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine Anaesthesia and Pain Research Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. K.","family":"KIL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine Anaesthesia and Pain Research Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"672","article-title":"Pediatric formulas for the anesthesiologist","volume":"94","author":"Cole F","year":"1957","journal-title":"AMA J Dis Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199703000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31819ed494"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181ef6757"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06900.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2012.03889.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/7070.2002.21697"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20674"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-06959-8.00082-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000260136.53694.fe"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"The normal pediatric larynx on CT and MR","volume":"18","author":"Hudgins PA","year":"1997","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2010.29.11.1595"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(92)90046-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200301000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31819d1d99"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2010.29.1.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200011000-00036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.02998.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-06612-9.00012-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-010-1756-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2011.30.7.965"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e32832aaccd"}],"container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faas.12167","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aas.12167","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T06:41:26Z","timestamp":1696488086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aas.12167"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aas.12167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aas.12167","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5172","1399-6576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5172","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-6576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]]}}}