{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T13:24:09Z","timestamp":1779110649786,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]],"date-time":"2014-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swedish Reserach Council","award":["11548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11548"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>The long\u2010term molecular changes in the central nervous system constitute an important aspect of general anaesthesia, but little is known about to what extent these molecular changes are affected by anaesthesia duration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of short duration (20\u2009min) general anaesthesia with isoflurane or avertin on the expression of 20 selected genes in the mouse hippocampus at 1 and 4 days after anaesthesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Nine to eleven\u2010weeks\u2010old male mice received one of the following treatments: 20\u2009min of avertin\u2010induced anaesthesia (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911), 20\u2009min of isoflurane\u2010induced anaesthesia (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) and no anaesthesia (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095). One and four days after anaesthesia, gene expression in the hippocampus was determined with reverse transcription quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>We found that anaesthesia led to the upregulation of six genes: H<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>spd1<\/jats:italic> (heat shock protein 1), P<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>lat<\/jats:italic> (tissue plasminogen activator) and N<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>pr3<\/jats:italic> (natriuretic peptide receptor 3) were upregulated only 1 day after anaesthesia, whereas T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>hbs4<\/jats:italic> (thrombospondin 4) was upregulated only 4 days after anaesthesia. Syp<\/jats:italic> (synaptophysin) and M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>gst1<\/jats:italic> (microsomal glutathione S<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010transferase 1) were upregulated at both time points. H<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>spd1<\/jats:italic>, M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>gst1<\/jats:italic> and S<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>yp<\/jats:italic> expression was increased regardless of the anaesthetic used, N<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>pr3<\/jats:italic> and P<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>lat<\/jats:italic> were increased only in mice exposed to avertin, and T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>hbs4<\/jats:italic> was upregulated only after isoflurane\u2010induced anaesthesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>This study shows that some of the effects of short general anaesthesia on gene expression in the mouse hippocampus persist for at least 4 days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]],"date-time":"2014-07-17T10:07:05Z","timestamp":1405591625000},"page":"1127-1133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Short general 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