{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T06:27:13Z","timestamp":1782973633797,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]],"date-time":"2015-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia"},{"name":"University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe blood loss is a common complication of craniofacial reconstruction surgery. The antifibrinolytic \u03b5\u2010aminocaproic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EACA<\/jats:styled-content>) reduces transfusion requirements in children undergoing cardiac surgery and in older children undergoing spine surgery. Tranexamic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TXA<\/jats:styled-content>), another antifibrinolytic with a similar mechanism of action, has been shown to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements in children undergoing craniofacial surgery. However, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TXA<\/jats:styled-content> has been associated with an increase in post\u2010operative seizures and is more expensive than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EACA<\/jats:styled-content>. There is currently little published data evaluating the efficacy of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EACA<\/jats:styled-content> in children undergoing craniofacial surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a retrospective study of prospectively collected data from our craniofacial perioperative registries for children under 6\u00a0years of age who underwent anterior or posterior cranial vault reconstruction. We compared calculated blood loss, blood donor exposures, and post\u2010operative drain output between subjects who received <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EACA<\/jats:styled-content> and those who did not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The registry queries returned data from 152 subjects. Eighty\u2010six did not receive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EACA<\/jats:styled-content> and 66 received <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EACA<\/jats:styled-content>. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EACA<\/jats:styled-content> group had significantly lower calculated blood loss (82\u00a0\u00b1\u00a043 vs. 106\u00a0\u00b1\u00a063\u00a0ml\/kg, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01), fewer intraoperative blood donor exposures (median 2, interquartile range 1\u20132 vs. median 2, interquartile range 1\u20133; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.02) and lower surgical drain output in the first post\u2010operative 24\u00a0h (28\u00a0ml\/kg vs. 37\u00a0ml\/kg, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001) than the non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EACA<\/jats:styled-content> group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this analysis of prospectively captured observational data, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EACA<\/jats:styled-content> administration was associated with less calculated blood loss, intraoperative blood donor exposures, and post\u2010operative surgical drain output.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]],"date-time":"2015-09-08T10:33:42Z","timestamp":1441708422000},"page":"158-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Aminocaproic acid administration is associated with reduced perioperative blood loss and transfusion in pediatric craniofacial surgery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. E.","family":"Fiadjoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Y.","family":"Pruitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. P.","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"Stricker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03005352"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181930a6e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8652(199709)56:1<32::AID-AJH7>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-0770(99)90268-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000109883.18015.B9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318210fd8f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318210f9e3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1250645"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12516"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2010.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2008.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2010.09.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2010.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182a2e23f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-012-3167-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03476.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu459"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","volume-title":"A practice of anesthesia for infants and children","author":"Cote CJ","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12416"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60835-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182443164"}],"container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faas.12608","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aas.12608","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T07:04:38Z","timestamp":1695539078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aas.12608"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aas.12608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aas.12608","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5172","1399-6576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5172","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-6576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]]}}}