{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:32:29Z","timestamp":1761676349852},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Departmental"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>For performing peripheral nerve blocks, the risk for needle\u2010nerve contact (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNC<\/jats:styled-content>) as an adverse event for low and high current thresholds has not yet been clearly defined when nerve stimulator guided techniques were applied. This experimental study aimed to investigate the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNC<\/jats:styled-content>s when applying stimulation currents between 0.1 and 2\u00a0mA (in increments of 0.1\u00a0mA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brachial plexus nerves were exposed surgically in five anesthetized pigs. An insulated needle connected to a nerve stimulator was placed at 10\u00a0mm distance to the targeted nerves. Current intensity was adjusted according to randomization (0.1\u20132.0\u00a0mA, increments of 0.1\u00a0mA). The needle tip was advanced toward the nerve until a motor response was elicited. The frequencies of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNC<\/jats:styled-content>s for each of the adjusted current intensities were noted. Risks of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNC<\/jats:styled-content>s were calculated according to the analysis of 95% confidence intervals (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We executed 2000 needle placements with stimulation currents ranging from 0.1 to 2.0\u00a0mA. The risks for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNC<\/jats:styled-content> at low current intensities were 0.85 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.77\u20130.91) for 0.3\u00a0mA and 0.5 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.4\u20130.6) for 0.5\u00a0mA, respectively. For high current intensities, risks of 0.13 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.07\u20130.21) for 0.9\u00a0mA and 0.01 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0\u20130.05) for 1.1\u00a0mA were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this experimental animal study, a relevant reduction in the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNC<\/jats:styled-content>s could be observed when high current intensities (0.9\u20131.1\u00a0mA) were applied compared to low current intensities (0.3\u20130.5\u00a0mA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T09:03:13Z","timestamp":1450170193000},"page":"400-406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Risk evaluation for needle\u2010nerve contact related to electrical nerve stimulation in a porcine model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Vassiliou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care University Hospital Gie\u00dfen\u2010Marburg Philipps\u2010University Marburg Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.\u2010H.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology Philipps\u2010University Marburg Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Limberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care University Hospital Gie\u00dfen\u2010Marburg Philipps\u2010University Marburg Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"De Andres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care University General Hospital Valencia Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Steinfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care University Hospital Gie\u00dfen\u2010Marburg Philipps\u2010University Marburg Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Wiesmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care University Hospital Gie\u00dfen\u2010Marburg Philipps\u2010University Marburg Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000105868.84160.09"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-014-2343-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181a59891"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182a94454"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2004.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/41.8.695"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31821b2227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/591851"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-200609000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2008.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3314658"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181fca16b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-200805000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02235.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200702000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2007.01349.x"}],"container-title":["Acta 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