{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:48:26Z","timestamp":1791362906829,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,11]],"date-time":"2016-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Oulu University Hospital EVO grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Knowledge of sepsis\u2010related end\u2010organ inflammation in\u00a0vivo is limited. We investigated the cytokine response in skin and in serum in sepsis and its relation to multiorgan failure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOF<\/jats:styled-content>) and survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytokines were analysed in serum and in suction blister fluid of intact skin of 44 patients with severe sepsis and 15 healthy controls. Blister fluid and serum samples were collected within 48\u00a0h of the first sepsis\u2010induced organ failure. This is a substudy of a larger follow\u2010up study on wound healing in sepsis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytokine levels were higher in patients with sepsis vs. controls (interleukin [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>]\u201010, blisters: 65.9 vs. 4.3\u00a0pg\/ml, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001, serum: 25.7 vs. 4.5\u00a0pg\/ml, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106, blisters: 41.9 vs. 0.03\u00a0pg\/ml, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001, serum: 45.5 vs. 2.1\u00a0pg\/ml, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOF<\/jats:styled-content> had higher levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 (116.4 vs. 21.3\u00a0pg\/ml, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.015), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 (0.7 vs. 0.07\u00a0pg\/ml, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.013) and basic fibroblast growth factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">bFGF<\/jats:styled-content>) (25.9 vs. 9.5\u00a0pg\/ml, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.027) in blister fluid than patients without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOF<\/jats:styled-content>. In blister fluid, survivors had lower levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 (43.3 vs. 181.9\u00a0pg\/ml, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.024) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">bFGF<\/jats:styled-content> (15.8 vs. 31.9\u00a0pg\/ml, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.006) than non\u2010survivors. In serum, survivors had higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>) (152.2 vs. 14.7\u00a0pg\/ml, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.012) and lower levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 (38.5 vs. 91.1\u00a0pg\/ml, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.011) than non\u2010survivors. The blister fluid levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">bFGF<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> TNF<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content> did not correlate with the serum levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytokine responses in skin blister fluid in patients with sepsis differed from those in healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,12]],"date-time":"2016-08-12T04:36:40Z","timestamp":1470976600000},"page":"53-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Blister fluid and serum cytokine levels in severe sepsis in humans reflect skin dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Koskela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Division of Intensive Care Medicine Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. I.","family":"Ala\u2010Kokko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Division of Intensive Care Medicine Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"G\u00e4ddn\u00e4s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Division of Intensive Care Medicine Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University of Oulu Oulu 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