{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T17:45:12Z","timestamp":1764783912188},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]],"date-time":"2016-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010dose spinal anaesthesia is a safe and reliable anaesthesia technique in outpatient perianal surgery. Regarding its short duration of action and its trend to hyperbaric characteristics, plain chloroprocaine 10 mg\/ml seems to be ideal to perform low\u2010dose spinal anaesthesia. The aim of this trial was to determine the optimal dosage of chloroprocaine for this indication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hundred and twenty patients undergoing perianal surgery were enrolled and randomly allocated to receive 10, 20 or 30 mg of chloroprocaine 10 mg\/ml intrathecally. Patients had to sit upright for at least 10 min after injection. We measured the expansion of sensory and motor block and the times until voiding, walking without assistance and home discharge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expansion of the sensory (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.0059) and the motor block (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.0086) gained with increasing doses. At a dose of 30 mg the incidence of a profound, clinically relevant motor block was significantly higher compared to 10 and 20 mg (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.0004). In the 10 mg group two patients suffered from nociceptive pain due to an incomplete block and five patients announced discomfort during procedure. Doses of 10 and 20 mg led to a significantly earlier discharge compared to 30 mg (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0003; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0406).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plain chloroprocaine 10 mg\/ml can successfully be used for low\u2010dose spinal anaesthesia in perianal outpatient surgery. Regarding the unfavourable motor block and later discharge\u2010times in the 30 mg group on the one hand and the block\u2010failures in the 10 mg group on the other, 20 mg can be recommended as the optimal dose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]],"date-time":"2016-11-28T10:16:47Z","timestamp":1480328207000},"page":"241-249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Chloroprocaine 10 mg\/ml for low\u2010dose spinal anaesthesia in perianal surgery \u2013 a randomised dose finding study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Gebhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine University Medical Centre Mannheim Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Mueller\u2010Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine University Medical Centre Mannheim Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine University Medical Centre Mannheim Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Bussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Colo\u2010proctology Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics University Medical Centre Mannheim Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Schmittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine University Medical Centre Mannheim Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"228","article-title":"Anaesthesia in ambulatory surgery","volume":"55","author":"Hemping\u2010Bovenkerk A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensivmed"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00053-014-0507-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000261510.37489.00"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12071"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000126"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rapm.2004.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000258766.73612.d8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000093244.01831.D7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199608000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03022828"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"WulfH KesslerP SteinfeldtT VolkT ZorembaM (DGAI). 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