{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:42:46Z","timestamp":1787013766595,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005689","name":"G\u00f6teborgs L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskap","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared the direct inotropic and lusitropic effects of two inodilators, milrinone and levosimendan in patients after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this randomised, blinded study, 31 patients with normal\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      function, were randomised to either levosimendan (0.1 and 0.2\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg\/min, n\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      15) or milrinone (0.4 and 0.8\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg\/min, n\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      16) after aortic valve replacement. The effects on\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      performance,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      strain, systolic (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010S) and early diastolic (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010E) strain rate were assessed by a pulmonary artery catheter and transoesophageal two\u2010dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography of the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      inferior wall. To circumvent the inodilator\u2010induced hemodynamic changes on\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      systolic and diastolic deformation, central venous pressure (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), systolic artery pressure (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), and heart rate were maintained constant by colloid infusion, phenylephrine\u2010induced vasoconstriction and atrial pacing, respectively, during drug infusion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both inotropic agents induced a dose\u2010dependent increase in cardiac index and stroke volume index by approximately 20% at the highest infusion rates with no differences between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      .139 and .249, respectively).\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , pulmonary capillary wedge pressure,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and heart rate were maintained constant in both groups.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      strain and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010S increased with both agents, dose\u2010dependently, by 17%\u201018% and 25%\u201030%, respectively, at the highest infusion rates, with no difference between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      .434 and .284, respectively). Both agents improved early\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      relaxation with no differences between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.637). At the higher doses, both agents increased\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010E by 30%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At clinically relevant infusion rates and a certain increase in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      performance the direct inotropic and lusitropic of milrinone and levosimendan were comparable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T06:52:54Z","timestamp":1529563974000},"page":"1246-1254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Inotropic and lusitropic effects of levosimendan and milrinone assessed by strain echocardiography\u2014A randomised trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Fredholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"J\u00f6rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Houltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1445-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.\u2010E.","family":"Ricksten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)34717-8","article-title":"Ventricular assist devices for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock. 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