{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:50:01Z","timestamp":1787748601301,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]],"date-time":"2018-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pain catastrophizing is highly relevant to assess in the context of long\u2010standing pain. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCS<\/jats:styled-content>) is a well\u2010established questionnaire used to measure catastrophizing in individuals with long\u2010standing pain. So far, no Swedish translation has been evaluated in regard to validity and reliability. The aims of this study were to translate the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCS<\/jats:styled-content> questionnaire from English to Swedish, and to investigate its construct validity (face, content, and structural validity) and reliability (internal consistency).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We translated the original English version of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCS<\/jats:styled-content> to Swedish and collected item responses from 194 persons suffering from primarily long\u2010standing musculoskeletal pain. We used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate structural validity, and tested the model fit of a one\u2010factor model, an oblique two\u2010factor model, and an oblique three\u2010factor model. We evaluated the measure's reliability in regard to internal consistency calculated with Cronbach's alpha.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A three\u2010factor model comprising a four\u2010item <jats:italic>rumination<\/jats:italic> factor, a three\u2010item <jats:italic>magnification<\/jats:italic> factor, and a six\u2010item <jats:italic>helplessness<\/jats:italic> factor provided the best fit to the data. Internal consistency was adequate and Cronbach's <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> was 0.92 for the entire scale, 0.84 for the rumination subscale; 0.69 for the magnification subscale, and 0.89 for the helplessness subscale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicated adequacy of a three\u2010factor solution and the questionnaire's internal consistency, and provide initial support for the structural validity and internal consistency of a Swedish version of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCS<\/jats:styled-content>. Future studies should replicate the study in larger samples and extend the current evaluation in regard to validity and reliability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,22]],"date-time":"2018-08-22T16:19:55Z","timestamp":1534954795000},"page":"259-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Factor structure and internal consistency of a Swedish version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6585-9516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike K.","family":"Kemani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychology Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS) Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Functional Area Medical Psychology Functional Unit Behavior Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Physiotherapy Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS) Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Grimby\u2010Ekman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Metrics Department of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg University Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Lundgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Gothenburg University Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology McGill University Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiotherapy Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS) Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"218","volume-title":"The Burden of Musculoskeletal Conditions at the Start of the New Millennium. Report of a WHO Scientific Group","author":"Paul C","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00433381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60805-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"1369","article-title":"Chronic musculoskeletal pain, prevalence rates, and sociodemographic associations in a Swedish population study","volume":"28","author":"Bergman S","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace: Low Back and Upper Extremities","author":"National Research Council (U.S.) Panel on Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace & Institute of Medicine (U.S.)","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016470510030698"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00242-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200005010-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3182385392"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200501000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200106000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2007.00307.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744806918755283"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2005.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.5.SPINE1734"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.4.524"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00463-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025570508954"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Process of translation and adaptation of instruments.2014.http:\/\/www.who.int\/substance_abuse\/research_tools\/translation\/en\/. Accessed December 7 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","volume-title":"Measurement in Medicine: A Practical Guide","author":"De VH","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"IBM Corp.IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh Version 24.0.Armonk NY USA:IBM Corp;2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"ArbuckleJ. L.Amos (Version 24.0) [Computer Program].Chicago IL USA:IBM SPSS;2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478722"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3151512"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","volume-title":"Psychometric Theory","author":"Nunnally JC","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9780857028075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.2.3.292"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","volume-title":"Applied Multiple Regression\/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0704_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0803_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","volume-title":"Multivariate Data Analysis","author":"Hair JF","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","volume-title":"Testing Structural Equation Models","author":"Bollen KA","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","first-page":"584","article-title":"Journal of consulting and clinical psychology","volume":"55","author":"Cole DA","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr2502_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.78.1.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327752JPA8001_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7080.572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005548801037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","volume-title":"Stress, Appraisal, and Coping","author":"Lazarus RS","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2013.769621"}],"container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Faas.13246","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aas.13246","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:15:31Z","timestamp":1694736931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aas.13246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aas.13246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aas.13246","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5172","1399-6576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5172","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-6576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-10-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}