{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:43:34Z","timestamp":1781239414794,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]],"date-time":"2018-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) can attenuate myocardial ischaemia\/reperfusion injury but its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to mediate distant intercellular communication that may be involved in cardioprotection. We tested the hypothesis that RIPC in anaesthetized patients undergoing coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery results in the release of EVs from the ischaemic\/reperfused arm into the blood stream harbouring cardioprotective miRNAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 58 patients randomised to RIPC (three 5\/5\u00a0minutes episodes of left arm ischaemia\/reperfusion by suprasystolic blood pressure cuff inflations\/deflations) or Sham, a subprotocol comprising of parallel right radial artery and regional (left subclavian) venous blood sampling before (awake) and 5 and 60\u00a0minutes after RIPC\/Sham during isoflurane\/sufentanil anaesthesia could be completed. EVs were extracted by polymer\u2010based precipitation methods, their concentrations measured, and their miRNA signature analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five minutes after RIPC, regional venous EV concentrations downstream from the cuff increased and arterial concentrations increased after 60\u00a0minutes (fold change [fc]: RIPC: 1.33\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5, Sham: 0.91\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.31; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003 for interaction). Already 5\u00a0minutes after RIPC, expression of 26 miRNAs (threshold fc: 3.0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) isolated from EVs including the cardioprotective miR\u201021 had increased. RIPC also decreased postoperative Troponin I concentrations (AUC RIPC: 336\u00a0ng\/mL\u00a0\u00d7\u00a072\u00a0hours\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0306 vs Sham: 713\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01013; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u200a\u00a0=\u00a0\u200a0.041).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Remote ischaemic preconditioning increases serum EV concentrations, most likely by early EV release from the patients\u2019 left (RIPC) arm, alters their miRNA signature, and is associated with myocardial protection. Thus, an increased EV concentration with an altered miR\u2010signature may mediate the RIPC effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]],"date-time":"2018-12-12T06:53:26Z","timestamp":1544597606000},"page":"483-492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Remote ischaemic preconditioning increases serum extracellular vesicle concentrations with altered micro\u2010RNA signature in CABG patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2961-6629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich H.","family":"Frey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr An\u00e4sthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Essen Universit\u00e4t Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"},{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr An\u00e4sthesiologie, operative Intensivmedizin, Schmerz\u2010 und 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