{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:00:08Z","timestamp":1787497208207,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine if intranasal dexmedetomidine is a superior pre\u2010medication to oral midazolam in older, difficult children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was conducted as a prospective, single\u2010blind randomized control trial in a tertiary care center. Seventy\u2010five children, age\u00a0&gt;5\u00a0years and weight\u00a0&gt;20\u00a0kg, who needed general anesthesia for dental procedures were randomly assigned to be pre\u2010medicated with either oral midazolam at a dose of 0.5\u00a0mg\/kg (max 15\u00a0mg) or intranasal dexmedetomidine at a dose of 2\u00a0mcg\/kg (max 100\u00a0mcg). The primary outcome studied was the patients' level of sedation when separated from their parents, which was assessed using a 5\u2010point University of Michigan Sedation Scale. Secondary outcome studied was the level of anxiolysis assessed by the acceptance of mask induction using a 4\u2010point scale. All assessments were made by one research person blinded to the study drug.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The two groups were similar in age, sex, weight, pre\u2010anesthetic behavior, time from pre\u2010medication to anesthesia induction, and surgical time. A significantly higher proportion of patients who received dexmedetomidine had satisfactory sedation at separation from parents (69.4% vs 40.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.03) compared to those who received midazolam. There were no significant differences in the rate of acceptance of mask induction (80.6% vs 78.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.00). Intranasal dexmedetomidine was tolerated well when administered using a mucosal atomizer and without any clinically significant effect on heart rate or systolic blood pressure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intranasal dexmedetomidine provides higher success rate in sedation and parental separation compared to oral midazolam, in older, difficult children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T05:20:54Z","timestamp":1563427254000},"page":"1162-1168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Pre\u2010medication before dental procedures: A randomized controlled study comparing intranasal dexmedetomidine with oral 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