{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T20:46:36Z","timestamp":1768077996862,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,21]],"date-time":"2019-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Airway management is a paramount clinical skill for the anaesthesiologist. The Emergency Cricothyroidotomy (EC) constitutes the final step in difficult airway algorithms securing a patent airway via a front\u2010of\u2010neck access. The main distinction among available techniques is whether the procedure is surgical and scalpel\u2010based or percutaneous and needle\u2010based.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In an experimental randomized crossover trial, using an animal larynx model, we compared two EC techniques; the Rapid Four Step Technique and the Melker Emergency Cricothyrotomy Kit\u00ae. We assessed time expenditure and success rates among 20 anaesthesiologists and related this to previous training, seniority and clinical experience with EC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All participants achieved successful airway access with both methods. Average time to successful airway access for scalpel\u2010based EC was 54 (\u00b131)\u00a0seconds and for percutaneous EC 89 (\u00b138)\u00a0seconds, with 35 (95% CI: 14\u201057) seconds time difference, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.003. Doctors with recent (&lt;12\u00a0months) EC training performed better compared to the non\u2010training group (37 vs 61\u00a0seconds, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.03 for scalpel\u2010based EC, and 65 vs 99\u00a0seconds, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02 for percutaneous EC). We found no differences according to clinical seniority or previous real\u2010life EC experience.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study demonstrated that anaesthesiologists achieved successful airway access on an animal experimental model with both EC methods within a reasonable time frame, but the scalpel\u2010based EC is performed more promptly. Recent EC training affected the time expenditure positively, while seniority and clinical EC experience did not. EC procedures should be regularly trained for.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T11:54:10Z","timestamp":1562673250000},"page":"1306-1312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Percutaneous vs surgical emergency cricothyroidotomy: An experimental randomized crossover study on an animal\u2010larynx model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5445-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c5ke Erling L.","family":"Andresen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Vestre Viken Hospital Trust Drammen 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