{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:00:45Z","timestamp":1792101645292,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emergence agitation (EA) is an adverse post\u2010operative complication that increases the risk for injury, self\u2010extubation, hemorrhages, and prolonged hospitalization. This meta\u2010analysis aims to define the risk factors for adult EA after general anesthesia and provide recommendations for clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Embase, PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Library databases were comprehensive retrieved. Observational studies that reported the risk factors for adult EA were enrolled. Review Manager 5.4 was used to analyze the extracted data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighteen observational studies involving 16, 678 adult patients were enrolled in this study. Eighteen pre\u2010operative and nineteen intraoperative factors with unadjusted data, and five pre\u2010operative and five intraoperative factors with adjusted data were meta\u2010analyzed separately. Among them, seven factors (age, male, smoking, history of substance misuse, inhalational anesthesia, urinary catheter, complain of pain, or need analgesic drug use in post\u2010anesthetic care unit) were the risk factors no matter meta\u2010analyzed by unadjusted data or adjusted data. Intraoperative use of benzodiazepines was the risk factor when meta\u2010analyzed by adjusted data, but not unadjusted data. Moreover, age and inhalational anesthesia were not the risk factors when omitted one study for sensitivity analysis, and history of substance misuse could not do sensitivity analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on this meta\u2010analysis, male, smoking, urinary catheter, and post\u2010operative pain are the risk factors, while age, inhalational anesthesia, history of substance misuse, and intraoperative use of benzodiazepines are the possible risk factors for adult EA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Editorial Comment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of agitation during emergence from general anesthesia. As might be expected, the strongest factors are generally things which are irritating or painful for patients, but cannot necessarily be avoided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T18:35:57Z","timestamp":1609180557000},"page":"719-729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Risk factors for emergence agitation in adults after general anesthesia: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Bing","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia The People's Hospital of Kaizhou District Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia The People's Hospital of Kaizhou District Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia The People's Hospital of Kaizhou District Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dapeng","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia The People's Hospital of Kaizhou District Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daishun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia The People's Hospital of Kaizhou District Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9565-9654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"394","article-title":"Risk factors for inadequate emergence after anesthesia: emergence delirium and hypoactive emergence","volume":"76","author":"Radtke FM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3342\/ceo.2015.8.1.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-016-0201-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12717"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000594"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v29i5.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"1333","article-title":"Risk factor analysis of emergence agitation during anesthesia recovery period in 90 patients with hepatobiliary diseases","volume":"31","author":"Bao Y","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acad J Second Mil Med Univ"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4597"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"30204","article-title":"Risk factors for emergence agitation in adults undergoing thoracoscopic lung surgery: a case\u2010control study of 1,950 patients","volume":"2","author":"Kang X","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13420"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjan.2018.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"19214","article-title":"Risk factors of inadequate emergence following general anesthesia with an emphasis on patients with substance dependence history","volume":"15","author":"Makarem J","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-015-0168-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060514562489"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2013.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-010-9338-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00329"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"13133","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of ancillary drugs in sevoflurane\u2010related emergence agitation after paediatric adenotonsillectomy: a Bayesian network meta\u2010analysis","volume":"7","author":"Jiao H","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.2018.1524929"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes382"}],"container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aas.13774","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aas.13774","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aas.13774","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T13:01:01Z","timestamp":1693400461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aas.13774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aas.13774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aas.13774","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5172","1399-6576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5172","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-6576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-08-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}