{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:37:04Z","timestamp":1782484624943,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007137","name":"Helse Nord RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transpulmonary passage of air emboli can lead to fatal brain\u2010 and myocardial infarctions. We studied whether pigs with open chest and pericardium had a greater transpulmonary passage of venous air emboli than pigs with closed thorax.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We allocated pigs with verified closed foramen ovale to venous air infusion with either open chest with sternotomy and opening of the pleura and pericardium (n\u00a0=\u00a08) or closed thorax (n\u00a0=\u00a016). All pigs received a five\u2010hour intravenous infusion of ambient air, starting at 4\u20106\u00a0mL\/kg\/h and increased by 2\u00a0mL\/kg\/h each hour. We assessed transpulmonary air passage by transesophageal M\u2010mode echocardiography and present the results as median with inter\u2010quartile range (IQR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transpulmonary air passage occurred in all pigs with open chest and pericardium and in nine pigs with closed thorax (56%). Compared to pigs with closed thorax, pigs with open chest and pericardium had a shorter to air passage (10\u00a0minutes (5\u201016) vs. 120\u00a0minutes (44\u2010212), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001), a smaller volume of infused air at the time of transpulmonary passage (12\u00a0mL (10\u201023) vs.170\u00a0mL (107\u2010494), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001), shorter time to death (122\u00a0minutes (48\u2010185) vs 263\u00a0minutes (248\u2010300, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0005) and a smaller volume of infused air at the time of death (264\u00a0mL (53\u2010466) vs 727\u00a0mL (564\u2010968), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001). In pigs with open chest and, infused air and time to death correlated strongly (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.95, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Open chest and pericardium facilitated the transpulmonary passage of intravenously infused air in pigs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T03:40:43Z","timestamp":1613619643000},"page":"648-655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Open chest and pericardium facilitate transpulmonary passage of venous air emboli"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Benjamin S.","family":"Storm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Nordland Hospital Bod\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Troms\u00f8 Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences Nord University Bod\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per Steinar","family":"Halvorsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Intervention Centre Rikshospitalet Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Skulstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Rikshospitalet Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Knut","family":"Dybwik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Nordland Hospital Bod\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences Nord University Bod\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Schjalm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorte","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory Nordland Hospital Bod\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences K.G. Jebsen TREC University of Troms\u00f8 Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Wisl\u00f8ff\u2010Aase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Division of Emergencies and Critical Care Rikshospitalet Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Fosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Intervention Centre Rikshospitalet Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonje","family":"Braaten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences Nord University Bod\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine University of Troms\u00f8 Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8358-3226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik W.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Nordland Hospital Bod\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Troms\u00f8 Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences Nord University Bod\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Research Laboratory Nordland Hospital Bod\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5785-802X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom E.","family":"Mollnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Research Laboratory Nordland Hospital Bod\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences K.G. Jebsen TREC University of Troms\u00f8 Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200701000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13260"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"Gas embolism during hysteroscopic surgery? 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