{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:39:30Z","timestamp":1789724370054,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,28]],"date-time":"2023-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arthroplasty patients are at high risk of hypothermia. Pre\u2010warming with forced air has been shown to reduce the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia. There is, however, a lack of evidence that pre\u2010warming with a self\u2010warming (SW) blanket can reduce the incidence of perioperative hypothermia. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an SW blanket and a forced\u2010air warming (FAW) blanket peri\u2010operatively. We hypothesised that the SW blanket is inferior to the FAW blanket.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 150 patients scheduled for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia were randomised to this prospective study. Patients were pre\u2010warmed with SW blanket (SW group) or upper\u2010body FAW blanket (FAW group) set to 38\u00b0C for 30\u2009min before spinal anaesthesia induction. Active warming was continued with the allocated blanket in the operating room. If core temperature fell below 36\u00b0C, all patients were warmed using the FAW blanket set to 43\u00b0C. Core and skin temperatures were measured continuously. The primary outcome was core temperature on admission to the recovery room.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both methods increased mean body temperature during pre\u2010warming. However, intraoperative hypothermia occurred in 61% of patients in the SW group and in 49% in the FAW group. The FAW method set to 43\u00b0C could rewarm hypothermic patients. Core temperature did not differ between groups on admission to the recovery room, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.366 (CI: \u22120.18\u20130.06).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Statistically, the SW blanket was non\u2010inferior to the FAW method. Yet, hypothermia was more frequent in the SW group, requiring rescue warming as we strictly held to the NICE guideline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">Clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> identifier: NCT03408197.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.14283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T03:26:24Z","timestamp":1685330784000},"page":"1102-1109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Self\u2010warming blanket versus forced\u2010air warming blanket during total knee arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia: A randomised non\u2010inferiority trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0409-9656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirkka\u2010Liisa","family":"Lauronen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Tampere University Hospital  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarkko","family":"Kalliovalkama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Coxa Hospital for Joint Replacement  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Aho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Coxa Hospital for Joint Replacement  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marja\u2010Tellervo","family":"M\u00e4kinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heini","family":"Huhtala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvi M.","family":"Yli\u2010Hankala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Tampere University Hospital  Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maija\u2010Liisa","family":"Kalliom\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Tampere University Hospital  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447\u201020161017\u201004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000296719.73450.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06071-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540380041029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199712000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643\u2010201006121\u201000020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102044.2012.07073.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev412"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"M\u00f6lnlycke Health Care AB.Barrier EasyWarm. 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