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This pre\u2010planned study provides a probabilistic interpretation and evaluates heterogeneity in treatment effects (HTE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We analysed mortality, serious adverse events (SAEs), serious adverse reactions (SARs) and days alive without life\u2010support within 90\u2009days using Bayesian models with weakly informative priors. HTE on mortality was assessed according to five baseline variables: disease severity, vasopressor dose, lactate levels, creatinine values and IV fluid volumes given before randomisation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The absolute difference in mortality was 0.2%\u2010points (95% credible interval: \u22125.0 to 5.4; 47% posterior probability of benefit [risk difference <0.0%\u2010points]) with restrictive IV fluid. The posterior probabilities of benefits with restrictive IV fluid were 72% for SAEs, 52% for SARs and 61% for days alive without life\u2010support. The posterior probabilities of no clinically important differences (absolute risk difference \u22642%\u2010points) between the groups were 56% for mortality, 49% for SAEs, 90% for SARs and 38% for days alive without life\u2010support. There was 97% probability of HTE for previous IV fluid volumes analysed continuously, that is, potentially relatively lower mortality of restrictive IV fluids with higher previous IV fluids. No substantial evidence of HTE was found in the other analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>We could not rule out clinically important effects of restrictive IV fluid therapy on mortality, SAEs or days alive without life\u2010support, but substantial effects on SARs were unlikely. IV fluids given before randomisation might interact with IV fluid strategy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.14345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T09:48:53Z","timestamp":1698054533000},"page":"236-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Restrictive versus standard IV<\/scp> fluid therapy in adult ICU<\/scp> patients with septic shock\u2014Bayesian analyses of the CLASSIC<\/scp> trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0442-0032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Praleene","family":"Sivapalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Deptartment of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Collaboration 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