{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:15:06Z","timestamp":1786947306044,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022183","name":"Dansk Selskab for An\u00e6stesiologi og Intensiv Medicin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cocaine may be applied to decongest the nasal mucosa before nasotracheal intubation, but patients risk a criminal offence if cocaine is detected when patients drive a car shortly after surgery. We aimed to evaluate whether benzoylecgonine levels in saliva exceeded the cut\u2010off point 24\u2009h after administration in patients undergoing nasotracheal intubation and whether cocaine would be detectable above the Danish legal fixed limit in blood samples 1 and 24\u2009h after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a prospective study following approval from the local research ethics committee and the national medicine agency. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. We included patients scheduled for surgery under general anaesthesia with nasotracheal intubation. They received 80\u2009mg cocaine as a nasal spray 5\u2009min before induction and nasotracheal intubation. The primary outcome was a dichotomous assessment of benzoylecgonine levels in saliva samples measured 24\u2009h after administration of nasal cocaine with a cut\u2010off limit of 200\u2009ng\/mL. Secondary outcomes were dichotomous assessments of cocaine in whole blood samples measured 1 and 24\u2009h after administration of nasal cocaine with a cut\u2010off limit of 0.01\u2009mg\/kg.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 70 patients had valid saliva samples and 75 had valid blood samples 24\u2009h after cocaine administration. Benzoylecgonine in saliva was traceable above the cut\u2010off in 9\/70 patients (13%; CI<jats:sub>95%<\/jats:sub>: 6% to 23%), and cocaine in blood was detected above the cut\u2010off in 2\/75 patients (3%; CI<jats:sub>95%<\/jats:sub>: 0.3% to 9%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found benzoylecgonine traceable in saliva in 13% of patients and cocaine traceable in blood in 3% of patients 24\u2009h after administration of 80\u2009mg nasal cocaine. Patients should be informed when receiving cocaine and advised not to drive for at least 24\u2009h.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.14475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T05:43:31Z","timestamp":1719467011000},"page":"1200-1206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Detection of cocaine 24\u2009h after administration before nasotracheal intubation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8815-882X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mo H.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Rosenkrantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University &amp; Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian S.","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie K. K.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Linnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars S.","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Ministry of Defence Personnel Agency  Ballerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Isbye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018\u2010199920010\u201000002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199009000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14040278"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man","author":"Baselt RC","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/JAT\/BKY007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA).Legal approaches to drugs and driving topic overview.2022.https:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/publications\/topic-overviews\/legal-approaches-to-drugs-and-driving\/html_en"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12619"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bky003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Dr\u00e4ger DrugTest\u00ae 5000 Safety Users Manual","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2021.110901"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/26.4.404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e3181f2b729"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1980.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/19.6.459"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin18.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.2001.3251"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2003.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379\u20100738(94)01622\u2010C"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989210600302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2022.100224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.004"}],"container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aas.14475","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]],"date-time":"2025-04-06T01:55:41Z","timestamp":1743904541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aas.14475"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aas.14475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aas.14475","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5172","1399-6576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5172","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-6576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}